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Title: Spectroscopic characterization of HD 95086 b with the Gemini Planet Imager

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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  1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. de Montreal, Montreal, QC (Canada)
  3. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
  4. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  5. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  6. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  7. Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada)
  8. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  9. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  10. Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI (United States)
  11. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  12. Gemini Observatory, La Serena (Chile)
  13. Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC (Canada)
  14. Durham Univ., Durham (United Kingdom); Gemini Observatory, Hilo, HI (United States)
  15. European Southern Observatory, Santiago (Chile)
  16. Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  17. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  18. Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  19. SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  20. Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC (Canada); National Research Council of Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC (Canada)
  21. The Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada); Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States)
  22. American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY (United States)
  23. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Here, we present new H (1.5–1.8 μm) photometric and K 1 (1.9–2.2 μm) spectroscopic observations of the young exoplanet HD 95086 b obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager. The H-band magnitude has been significantly improved relative to previous measurements, whereas the low-resolution K 1 ($$\lambda /\delta \lambda \approx 66$$) spectrum is featureless within the measurement uncertainties and presents a monotonically increasing pseudo-continuum consistent with a cloudy atmosphere. By combining these new measurements with literature $$L^{\prime} $$ photometry, we compare the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the planet to other young planetary-mass companions, field brown dwarfs, and to the predictions of grids of model atmospheres. HD 95086 b is over a magnitude redder in $${K}_{1}-L^{\prime} $$ color than 2MASS J12073346–3932539 b and HR 8799 c and d, despite having a similar $$L^{\prime} $$ magnitude. Considering only the near-infrared measurements, HD 95086 b is most analogous to the brown dwarfs 2MASS J2244316+204343 and 2MASS J21481633+4003594, both of which are thought to have dusty atmospheres. Morphologically, the SED of HD 95086 b is best fit by low temperature ($${T}_{{\rm{eff}}}$$ = 800–1300 K), low surface gravity spectra from models which simulate high photospheric dust content. This range of effective temperatures is consistent with field L/T transition objects, but the spectral type of HD 95086 b is poorly constrained between early L and late T due to its unusual position the color–magnitude diagram, demonstrating the difficulty in spectral typing young, low surface gravity substellar objects. As one of the reddest such objects, HD 95086 b represents an important empirical benchmark against which our current understanding of the atmospheric properties of young extrasolar planets can be tested.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1352121
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL--717745
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 824; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Characterization of exoplanets from their formation: III. The statistics of planetary luminosities journal December 2017
The GJ 504 system revisited: Combining interferometric, radial velocity, and high contrast imaging data journal October 2018
Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets journal August 2016
The exoplanet handbook: Book Review journal March 2012
Gemini Planet Imager observational calibrations XI: pipeline improvements and enhanced calibrations after two years on sky conference August 2016
The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au text January 2019
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Characterizing 51 Eri b from 1 to 5 μ m: A Partly Cloudy Exoplanet journal June 2017
ALMA 1.3 mm Map of the HD 95086 System journal November 2017
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Variability Characterization of the Free-floating Planetary-mass Object PSO J318.5−22 journal January 2018
GPI Spectra of HR 8799 c, d, and e from 1.5 to 2.4 μ m with KLIP Forward Modeling journal May 2018
Direct Imaging of the HD 35841 Debris Disk: A Polarized Dust Ring from Gemini Planet Imager and an Outer Halo from HST /STIS journal July 2018
VLT/SPHERE Multiwavelength High-contrast Imaging of the HD 115600 Debris Disk: New Constraints on the Dust Geometry and the Presence of Young Giant Planets journal January 2019
The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au journal June 2019
Atmospheric Characterization and Further Orbital Modeling of κ Andromeda b journal January 2020
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CO Detected in CI Tau b: Hot Start Implied by Planet Mass and M K journal June 2019
Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets text January 2016
Multi-epoch Direct Imaging and Time-Variable Scattered Light Morphology of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk text January 2018
VLT/SPHERE Multi-Wavelength High-Contrast Imaging of the HD 115600 Debris Disk: New Constraints on the Dust Geometry and the Presence of Young Giant Planets text January 2018
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The GJ 504 system revisited: Combining interferometric, radial velocity, and high contrast imaging data text January 2018

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
infrared: planetary systems
instrumentation: adaptive optics
planets and satellites: atmospheres
stars: individual (HD 95086)