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Title: Biocontainment of genetically modified organisms by synthetic protein design

Journal Article · · Nature (London)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [7]
  1. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (United States). Dept. of Genetics; Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (United States). Dept. of Genetics; Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Program in Chemical Biology
  3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (United States). Dept. of Genetics; Boston Univ., MA (United States). Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
  4. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (United States). Division of Basic Sciences
  5. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (United States). Dept. of Genetics
  6. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (United States). Division of Basic Science
  7. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (United States). Dept. of Genetics; Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Wyss Inst. for Biologically Inspired Engineering

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are increasingly deployed at large scales and in open environments. Genetic biocontainment strategies are needed to prevent unintended proliferation of GMOs in natural ecosystems. Existing biocontainment methods are insufficient because they impose evolutionary pressure on the organism to eject the safeguard by spontaneous mutagenesis or horizontal gene transfer, or because they can be circumvented by environmentally available compounds. In this paper, we computationally redesign essential enzymes in the first organism possessing an altered genetic code (Escherichia coli strain C321.ΔA) to confer metabolic dependence on non-standard amino acids for survival. The resulting GMOs cannot metabolically bypass their biocontainment mechanisms using known environmental compounds, and they exhibit unprecedented resistance to evolutionary escape through mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer. Finally, this work provides a foundation for safer GMOs that are isolated from natural ecosystems by a reliance on synthetic metabolites.

Research Organization:
Harvard Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-02ER63445
OSTI ID:
1347113
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7537 Vol. 518; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Selection, Addiction and Catalysis: Emerging Trends for the Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Peptides and Proteins in Vivo journal March 2019
Synthetic Biology Enables Programmable Cell‐Based Biosensors journal October 2019
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Optimizing complex phenotypes through model-guided multiplex genome engineering journal May 2017
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