Belowground impacts of perennial grass cultivation for sustainable biofuel feedstock production in the tropics

Sumiyoshi, Yudai; Crow, Susan E.; Litton, Creighton M.; Deenik, Jonathan L.; Taylor, Andrew D.; Turano, Brian; Ogoshi, Richard

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12379

Title: Belowground impacts of perennial grass cultivation for sustainable biofuel feedstock production in the tropics

Journal Article · Fri Jul 08 04:00:00 UTC 2016 · Global Change Biology. Bioenergy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12379 · OSTI ID:1346275

Sumiyoshi, Yudai ^[1]; Crow, Susan E. ^[1]; Litton, Creighton M. ^[1]; Deenik, Jonathan L. ^[2]; Taylor, Andrew D. ^[3]; Turano, Brian ^[2]; Ogoshi, Richard ^[2]

Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of Hawaii Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 USA
Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences University of Hawaii Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 USA
Department of Biology University of Hawaii Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 USA

Abstract Perennial grasses can sequester soil organic carbon ( SOC ) in sustainably managed biofuel systems, directly mitigating atmospheric CO ₂ concentrations while simultaneously generating biomass for renewable energy. The objective of this study was to quantify SOC accumulation and identify the primary drivers of belowground C dynamics in a zero‐tillage production system of tropical perennial C4 grasses grown for biofuel feedstock in Hawaii. Specifically, the quantity, quality, and fate of soil C inputs were determined for eight grass accessions – four varieties each of napier grass and guinea grass. Carbon fluxes (soil CO ₂ efflux, aboveground net primary productivity, litterfall, total belowground carbon flux, root decay constant), C pools ( SOC pool and root biomass), and C quality (root chemistry, C and nitrogen concentrations, and ratios) were measured through three harvest cycles following conversion of a fallow field to cultivated perennial grasses. A wide range of SOC accumulation occurred, with both significant species and accession effects. Aboveground biomass yield was greater, and root lignin concentration was lower for napier grass than guinea grass. Structural equation modeling revealed that root lignin concentration was the most important driver of SOC pool: varieties with low root lignin concentration, which was significantly related to rapid root decomposition, accumulated the greatest amount of SOC . Roots with low lignin concentration decomposed rapidly, but the residue and associated microbial biomass/by‐products accumulated as SOC . In general, napier grass was better suited for promoting soil C sequestration in this system. Further, high‐yielding varieties with low root lignin concentration provided the greatest climate change mitigation potential in a ratoon system. Understanding the factors affecting SOC accumulation and the net greenhouse gas trade‐offs within a biofuel production system will aid in crop selection to meet multiple goals toward environmental and economic sustainability.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FG36-08GO88037

OSTI ID:: 1346275

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, Journal Name: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 9; ISSN 1757-1693

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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