High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel
An adage within the Additive Manufacturing (AM) community is that “complexity is free”. Complicated geometric features that normally drive manufacturing cost and limit design options are not typically problematic in AM. While geometric complexity is usually viewed from the perspective of part design, this advantage of AM also opens up new options in rapid, efficient material property evaluation and qualification. In the current work, an array of 100 miniature tensile bars are produced and tested for a comparable cost and in comparable time to a few conventional tensile bars. With this technique, it is possible to evaluate the stochastic nature of mechanical behavior. The current study focuses on stochastic yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility as measured by strain at failure (elongation). However, this method can be used to capture the statistical nature of many mechanical properties including the full stress-strain constitutive response, elastic modulus, work hardening, and fracture toughness. Moreover, the technique could extend to strain-rate and temperature dependent behavior. As a proof of concept, the technique is demonstrated on a precipitation hardened stainless steel alloy, commonly known as 17-4PH, produced by two commercial AM vendors using a laser powder bed fusion process, also commonly known as selective lasermore »
- Authors:
-
[1]
; [1]
; [1]
; [1]
; [1]
; [2]
; [1]
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2016-8156J
Journal ID: ISSN 0924-0136; 646806; TRN: US1700183
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000
- Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Materials Processing Technology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 241; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0924-0136
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Research Org:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; additive manufacturing; rapid prototyping; 3D printing; deformation; tensile; statistics
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1333616
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1410840
Salzbrenner, Bradley C., Rodelas, Jeffrey M., Madison, Jonathan D., Jared, Bradley Howell, Swiler, Laura Painton, Shen, Yu -Lin, and Boyce, Brad L.. High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel. United States: N. p.,
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.023.
Salzbrenner, Bradley C., Rodelas, Jeffrey M., Madison, Jonathan D., Jared, Bradley Howell, Swiler, Laura Painton, Shen, Yu -Lin, & Boyce, Brad L.. High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel. United States. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.023.
Salzbrenner, Bradley C., Rodelas, Jeffrey M., Madison, Jonathan D., Jared, Bradley Howell, Swiler, Laura Painton, Shen, Yu -Lin, and Boyce, Brad L.. 2016.
"High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel". United States.
doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.023. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333616.
@article{osti_1333616,
title = {High-throughput stochastic tensile performance of additively manufactured stainless steel},
author = {Salzbrenner, Bradley C. and Rodelas, Jeffrey M. and Madison, Jonathan D. and Jared, Bradley Howell and Swiler, Laura Painton and Shen, Yu -Lin and Boyce, Brad L.},
abstractNote = {An adage within the Additive Manufacturing (AM) community is that “complexity is free”. Complicated geometric features that normally drive manufacturing cost and limit design options are not typically problematic in AM. While geometric complexity is usually viewed from the perspective of part design, this advantage of AM also opens up new options in rapid, efficient material property evaluation and qualification. In the current work, an array of 100 miniature tensile bars are produced and tested for a comparable cost and in comparable time to a few conventional tensile bars. With this technique, it is possible to evaluate the stochastic nature of mechanical behavior. The current study focuses on stochastic yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility as measured by strain at failure (elongation). However, this method can be used to capture the statistical nature of many mechanical properties including the full stress-strain constitutive response, elastic modulus, work hardening, and fracture toughness. Moreover, the technique could extend to strain-rate and temperature dependent behavior. As a proof of concept, the technique is demonstrated on a precipitation hardened stainless steel alloy, commonly known as 17-4PH, produced by two commercial AM vendors using a laser powder bed fusion process, also commonly known as selective laser melting. Using two different commercial powder bed platforms, the vendors produced material that exhibited slightly lower strength and markedly lower ductility compared to wrought sheet. Moreover, the properties were much less repeatable in the AM materials as analyzed in the context of a Weibull distribution, and the properties did not consistently meet minimum allowable requirements for the alloy as established by AMS. The diminished, stochastic properties were examined in the context of major contributing factors such as surface roughness and internal lack-of-fusion porosity. Lastly, this high-throughput capability is expected to be useful for follow-on extensive parametric studies of factors that affect the statistical reliability of AM components.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.023},
journal = {Journal of Materials Processing Technology},
number = C,
volume = 241,
place = {United States},
year = {2016},
month = {10}
}
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
- Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)
-
Accepted Manuscript (DOE)
- Publisher's Version of Record
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.023