Phase field simulations of autocatalytic formation of alpha lamellar colonies in Ti-6Al-4V

Radhakrishnan, Bala; Gorti, Sarma; Babu, Suresh Sudharsanam

doi:10.1007/s11661-016-3746-6

Title: Phase field simulations of autocatalytic formation of alpha lamellar colonies in Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract

Here, we present phase field simulations incorporating energy contributions due to thermodynamics, and anisotropic interfacial and strain energies, to demonstrate the nucleation and growth of multiple variants of alpha from beta in Ti-6Al-4V under isothermal conditions. The simulations focused on the effect of thermodynamic driving force and nucleation rate on the morphology of the transformed alpha assuming that the partitioning of V between beta and alpha is negligible for short isothermal holds. The results indicate that a high nucleation rate favors the formation of the basket-weave structure. However, at a lower nucleation rate the simulations show the intragranular nucleation of a colony structure by an autocatalytic nucleation mechanism adjacent to a pre-existing alpha variant. New side-plates of the same variant appear to nucleate progressively and grow to form the colony. The isothermal simulation results are used to offer a possible explanation for the transition from a largely basket weave structure to a colony structure inside narrow layer bands occurring during continuous heating and cooling conditions encountered during laser additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V.

Authors:

Radhakrishnan, Bala ^[1]; Gorti, Sarma ^[1]; Babu, Suresh Sudharsanam ^[2]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

OSTI Identifier:: 1327583

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 47; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1073-5623

Publisher:: ASM International

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; phase field; basket-weave; colony; additive manufacturing

Citation Formats


                    Radhakrishnan, Bala, Gorti, Sarma, and Babu, Suresh Sudharsanam. Phase field simulations of autocatalytic formation of alpha lamellar colonies in Ti-6Al-4V.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s11661-016-3746-6.

Copy to clipboard


                    Radhakrishnan, Bala, Gorti, Sarma, & Babu, Suresh Sudharsanam. Phase field simulations of autocatalytic formation of alpha lamellar colonies in Ti-6Al-4V.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3746-6

Copy to clipboard


                    Radhakrishnan, Bala, Gorti, Sarma, and Babu, Suresh Sudharsanam. Tue .  
"Phase field simulations of autocatalytic formation of alpha lamellar colonies in Ti-6Al-4V".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3746-6.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327583.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1327583,

  title        = {Phase field simulations of autocatalytic formation of alpha lamellar colonies in Ti-6Al-4V},

  author       = {Radhakrishnan, Bala and Gorti, Sarma and Babu, Suresh Sudharsanam},

  abstractNote = {Here, we present phase field simulations incorporating energy contributions due to thermodynamics, and anisotropic interfacial and strain energies, to demonstrate the nucleation and growth of multiple variants of alpha from beta in Ti-6Al-4V under isothermal conditions. The simulations focused on the effect of thermodynamic driving force and nucleation rate on the morphology of the transformed alpha assuming that the partitioning of V between beta and alpha is negligible for short isothermal holds. The results indicate that a high nucleation rate favors the formation of the basket-weave structure. However, at a lower nucleation rate the simulations show the intragranular nucleation of a colony structure by an autocatalytic nucleation mechanism adjacent to a pre-existing alpha variant. New side-plates of the same variant appear to nucleate progressively and grow to form the colony. The isothermal simulation results are used to offer a possible explanation for the transition from a largely basket weave structure to a colony structure inside narrow layer bands occurring during continuous heating and cooling conditions encountered during laser additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s11661-016-3746-6},

  journal      = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 47,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Tue Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3746-6

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 20 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

A phase-field model for evolving microstructures with strong elastic inhomogeneity
journal, June 2001

Hu, S. Y.; Chen, L. Q.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00118-5

P3DFFT: A Framework for Parallel Computations of Fourier Transforms in Three Dimensions
journal, January 2012

Pekurovsky, Dmitry
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Vol. 34, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1137/11082748X

Multi phase field model for solid state transformation with elastic strain
journal, May 2006

Steinbach, I.; Apel, M.
Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Vol. 217, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2006.04.001

Finite element modeling of the morphology of β to α phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy
journal, April 2002

Katzarov, I.; Malinov, S.; Sha, W.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 33, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-002-0204-4

Phase-Field Models for Microstructure Evolution
journal, August 2002

Chen, Long-Qing
Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 32, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.matsci.32.112001.132041

Formation characteristics of the α/β interface phase in Ti-6Ai-4v
journal, February 1979

Rhodes, C. G.; Paton, N. E.
Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 10, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/BF02817630

Predicting equilibrium shape of precipitates as function of coherency state
journal, June 2012

Shi, R.; Ma, N.; Wang, Y.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.04.019

Phase-Field Modeling of Nucleation in Solid-State Phase Transformations
journal, June 2014

Heo, Tae Wook; Chen, Long-Qing
JOM, Vol. 66, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-014-1033-9

Nucleation of highly dense nanoscale precipitates based on warm laser shock peening
journal, September 2010

Liao, Yiliang; Ye, Chang; Kim, Bong-Joong
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.3481858

Evolution of dislocation structure in the heat affected zone of a nickel-based single crystal
journal, October 2004

Barabash, O. M.; Horton, J. A.; Babu, S. S.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 96, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1063/1.1777393

Formation of Widmanstätten Alpha Structure in a Ti–6Al–4V Alloy
journal, January 1994

Ohmori, Yasuya; Nakai, Kiyomichi; Ohtsubo, Hiroyuki
Materials Transactions, JIM, Vol. 35, Issue 4
DOI: 10.2320/matertrans1989.35.238

Theoretical Assessment on the Phase Transformation Kinetic Pathways of Multi-component Ti Alloys: Application to Ti-6Al-4V
journal, December 2015

Ji, Yanzhou; Heo, Tae Wook; Zhang, Fan
Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Vol. 37, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s11669-015-0436-9

Microstructural evolution in laser-deposited multilayer Ti-6Al-4V builds: Part I. Microstructural characterization
journal, June 2004

Kelly, S. M.; Kampe, S. L.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 35, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-004-0094-8

Microstructural evolution in laser-deposited multilayer Ti-6Al-4V builds: Part II. Thermal modeling
journal, June 2004

Kelly, S. M.; Kampe, S. L.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 35, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-004-0095-7

Effect of texture on load partitioning in Ti-6Al-4V
journal, June 2012

Warwick, J. L. W.; Coakley, J.; Raghunathan, S. L.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.039

Crystallographic variant selection in Ti–6Al–4V
journal, October 2004

Stanford, N.; Bate, P. S.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 52, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.034

Deformation in the heat affected zone during spot welding of a nickel-based single crystal
journal, July 2003

Barabash, O. M.; Babu, S. S.; David, S. A.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 94, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.1579863

Variant Selection During Cooling after Beta Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Ingot Material
journal, June 2012

Sargent, G. A.; Kinsel, K. T.; Pilchak, A. L.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 43, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1245-y

Phase-field model for solidification of ternary alloys coupled with thermodynamic database
journal, March 2003

Kobayashi, Hiroki; Ode, Machiko; Gyoon Kim, Seong
Scripta Materialia, Vol. 48, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00557-2

The mechanism of formation of a fine duplex microstructure in Ti-48Al-2Mn-2Nb alloys
journal, June 1996

Ramanujan, R. V.; Maziasz, P. J.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 27, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/BF02649823

Applications of semi-implicit Fourier-spectral method to phase field equations
journal, February 1998

Chen, L. Q.; Shen, Jie
Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 108, Issue 2-3
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-4655(97)00115-X

Sympathetic nucleation: an overview
journal, July 1995

Aaronson, H. I.; Spanos, G.; Masamura, R. A.
Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 32, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0921-5107(95)80022-0

Variant selection during α precipitation in Ti–6Al–4V under the influence of local stress – A simulation study
journal, September 2013

Shi, R.; Wang, Y.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.06.042

Phase-field model for binary alloys
journal, December 1999

Kim, Seong Gyoon; Kim, Won Tae; Suzuki, Toshio
Physical Review E, Vol. 60, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.7186

Diffusion coefficients for modeling the heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V
journal, September 2004

Semiatin, S. L.; Brown, T. M.; Goff, T. A.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 35, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-004-0250-1

An introduction to phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution
journal, June 2008

Moelans, Nele; Blanpain, Bart; Wollants, Patrick
Calphad, Vol. 32, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.calphad.2007.11.003

Combining phase field approach and homogenization methods for modelling phase transformation in elastoplastic media
journal, January 2009

Ammar, Kais; Appolaire, Benoît; Cailletaud, Georges
European Journal of Computational Mechanics, Vol. 18, Issue 5-6
DOI: 10.3166/ejcm.18.485-523

Works referencing / citing this record:

A review of computational modeling in powder-based additive manufacturing for metallic part qualification
journal, November 2018

Liu, Jingfu; Jalalahmadi, Behrooz; Guo, Y. B.
Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1108/rpj-04-2017-0058

Exascale applications: skin in the game
journal, January 2020

Alexander, Francis; Almgren, Ann; Bell, John
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 378, Issue 2166
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0056

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Flow softening during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V with a lamellar colony microstructure

Journal Article Miller, R M ; Bieler, T R ; Semiatin, S L - Scripta Materialia

The production of conventional alpha/beta titanium alloys for aerospace applications is often based on an ingot metallurgy approach comprising melting and a series of hot working and heat treatment steps. Recent research has probed the effect of factors such as prior-beta grain size, strain rate, and temperature on plastic flow and microstructure evolution during hot forging of Ti-6Al-4V with a lamellar colony microstructure. In particular, the flow softening response evident in true stress-strain curves determined from isothermal hot compression tests has been studied in an attempt to ascertain the important deformation mechanism. The objective of the present work was tomore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00061-5
Effect of initial microstructure on plastic flow and dynamic globularization during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V

Journal Article Shell, E B ; Semiatin, S L - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

Plastic flow behavior and globularization kinetics during subtransus hot working were determined for Ti-6Al-4V with three different transformed beta microstructures. These conditions consisted of fine lamellar colonies, a mixture of coarse colonies and acicular alpha, and acicular alpha. Isothermal hot compression tests were performed on cylindrical samples at subtransus temperatures and strain rates typical of ingot breakdown (i.e., T {approximately} 815 C to 955 C, {bar {epsilon}} {approximately} 0.1 s{sup {minus}1}). For all three material conditions, true stress-true strain curves exhibited a peak stress followed by noticeable flow softening; the values of peak stress and flow softening rate showed littlemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0232-4
Crystallographic variant selection in Ti-6Al-4V

Journal Article Stanford, N ; Bate, P S - Acta Materialia

Transformation textures in the two-phase alloy Ti-6Al-4V have been studied. Samples were heated into the fully {beta} phase condition and then slow cooled to allow diffusional transformation to {alpha}. This produced a microstructure of grain boundary {alpha} encircling colonies of Widmanstaetten {alpha}. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) texture measurements showed that the {alpha} texture was markedly sharper than that calculated on a basis of equal variant probability, indicating that significant variant selection was occurring during diffusional transformation. Investigation of the {alpha} variants produced across prior {beta} grain boundaries has shown that the selection of variants during transformation is highly dependant onmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.034
Texture Evolution During Laser Direct Metal Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V

Journal Article Sridharan, Niyanth ; Chaudhary, Anil ; Nandwana, Peeyush ; ... - JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

Titanium alloys are used in a wide variety of high performance applications and hence the processing of the titanium and the resulting microstructures after additive manufacturing has received significant attention. During additive manufacturing the processing route involves the transition from a liquid to solid state. The addition of successive layers results in a complex microstructure due to solid-state transformations. The current study focuses on understanding the phase transformations and relate it to the transformation texture in Ti-6Al-4V to identify conditions leading to a strong alpha transformation texture. The as deposited builds were characterized using optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction.more »« less
Cited by 48
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1797-6

Full Text Available
Dissimilar alloy laser beam welding of titanium: Ti-6Al-4V to Beta-C[trademark]. [Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr]

Journal Article Liu, P S ; Baeslack, III, W A ; Hurley, J - Welding Journal (Miami); (United States)

CO[sub 2] laser beam welds were produced between Ti-6Al-4V and Beta-C[trademark] sheet. Three different nominal fusion zone chemical compositions were obtained by varying the laser beam location relative to the joint centerline and thereby melting different quantities of each base metal. Fusion zone microstructures exhibited fine, columnar-shaped beta grains comprised of retained-beta phase and martensite, with the proportion of martensite increasing with an increase in the quantity of Ti-6Al-4V nominally in the fusion zone. The location of these phases within the fusion zone was influenced by macrosegregation, which originated from incomplete mixing of the melted base metals and the occurrencemore »« less

Similar Records

Title: Phase field simulations of autocatalytic formation of alpha lamellar colonies in Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract

Citation Formats

A phase-field model for evolving microstructures with strong elastic inhomogeneity journal, June 2001

P3DFFT: A Framework for Parallel Computations of Fourier Transforms in Three Dimensions journal, January 2012

Multi phase field model for solid state transformation with elastic strain journal, May 2006

Finite element modeling of the morphology of β to α phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy journal, April 2002

Phase-Field Models for Microstructure Evolution journal, August 2002

Formation characteristics of the α/β interface phase in Ti-6Ai-4v journal, February 1979

Predicting equilibrium shape of precipitates as function of coherency state journal, June 2012

Phase-Field Modeling of Nucleation in Solid-State Phase Transformations journal, June 2014

Nucleation of highly dense nanoscale precipitates based on warm laser shock peening journal, September 2010

Evolution of dislocation structure in the heat affected zone of a nickel-based single crystal journal, October 2004

Formation of Widmanstätten Alpha Structure in a Ti–6Al–4V Alloy journal, January 1994

Theoretical Assessment on the Phase Transformation Kinetic Pathways of Multi-component Ti Alloys: Application to Ti-6Al-4V journal, December 2015

Microstructural evolution in laser-deposited multilayer Ti-6Al-4V builds: Part I. Microstructural characterization journal, June 2004

Microstructural evolution in laser-deposited multilayer Ti-6Al-4V builds: Part II. Thermal modeling journal, June 2004

Effect of texture on load partitioning in Ti-6Al-4V journal, June 2012

Crystallographic variant selection in Ti–6Al–4V journal, October 2004

Deformation in the heat affected zone during spot welding of a nickel-based single crystal journal, July 2003

Variant Selection During Cooling after Beta Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Ingot Material journal, June 2012

Phase-field model for solidification of ternary alloys coupled with thermodynamic database journal, March 2003

The mechanism of formation of a fine duplex microstructure in Ti-48Al-2Mn-2Nb alloys journal, June 1996

Applications of semi-implicit Fourier-spectral method to phase field equations journal, February 1998

Sympathetic nucleation: an overview journal, July 1995

Variant selection during α precipitation in Ti–6Al–4V under the influence of local stress – A simulation study journal, September 2013

Phase-field model for binary alloys journal, December 1999

Diffusion coefficients for modeling the heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V journal, September 2004

An introduction to phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution journal, June 2008

Combining phase field approach and homogenization methods for modelling phase transformation in elastoplastic media journal, January 2009

A review of computational modeling in powder-based additive manufacturing for metallic part qualification journal, November 2018

Exascale applications: skin in the game journal, January 2020

A phase-field model for evolving microstructures with strong elastic inhomogeneity
journal, June 2001

P3DFFT: A Framework for Parallel Computations of Fourier Transforms in Three Dimensions
journal, January 2012

Multi phase field model for solid state transformation with elastic strain
journal, May 2006

Finite element modeling of the morphology of β to α phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy
journal, April 2002

Phase-Field Models for Microstructure Evolution
journal, August 2002

Formation characteristics of the α/β interface phase in Ti-6Ai-4v
journal, February 1979

Predicting equilibrium shape of precipitates as function of coherency state
journal, June 2012

Phase-Field Modeling of Nucleation in Solid-State Phase Transformations
journal, June 2014

Nucleation of highly dense nanoscale precipitates based on warm laser shock peening
journal, September 2010

Evolution of dislocation structure in the heat affected zone of a nickel-based single crystal
journal, October 2004

Formation of Widmanstätten Alpha Structure in a Ti–6Al–4V Alloy
journal, January 1994

Theoretical Assessment on the Phase Transformation Kinetic Pathways of Multi-component Ti Alloys: Application to Ti-6Al-4V
journal, December 2015

Microstructural evolution in laser-deposited multilayer Ti-6Al-4V builds: Part I. Microstructural characterization
journal, June 2004

Microstructural evolution in laser-deposited multilayer Ti-6Al-4V builds: Part II. Thermal modeling
journal, June 2004

Effect of texture on load partitioning in Ti-6Al-4V
journal, June 2012

Crystallographic variant selection in Ti–6Al–4V
journal, October 2004

Deformation in the heat affected zone during spot welding of a nickel-based single crystal
journal, July 2003

Variant Selection During Cooling after Beta Annealing of Ti-6Al-4V Ingot Material
journal, June 2012

Phase-field model for solidification of ternary alloys coupled with thermodynamic database
journal, March 2003

The mechanism of formation of a fine duplex microstructure in Ti-48Al-2Mn-2Nb alloys
journal, June 1996

Applications of semi-implicit Fourier-spectral method to phase field equations
journal, February 1998

Sympathetic nucleation: an overview
journal, July 1995

Variant selection during α precipitation in Ti–6Al–4V under the influence of local stress – A simulation study
journal, September 2013

Phase-field model for binary alloys
journal, December 1999

Diffusion coefficients for modeling the heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V
journal, September 2004

An introduction to phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution
journal, June 2008

Combining phase field approach and homogenization methods for modelling phase transformation in elastoplastic media
journal, January 2009

A review of computational modeling in powder-based additive manufacturing for metallic part qualification
journal, November 2018

Exascale applications: skin in the game
journal, January 2020