Controlling Internal Organization of Multilayer Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogels with Polymer Molecular Weight
Abstract
Here, we report on tailoring the internal architecture of multilayer-derived poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) hydrogels by controlling the molecular weight of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) in hydrogen-bonded (PMAA/PVPON) layer-by-layer precursor films. The hydrogels are produced by cross-linking PMAA in the spin-assisted multilayers followed by PVPON release. We found that the thickness, morphology, and architecture of hydrogen-bonded films and the corresponding hydrogels are significantly affected by PVPON chain length. For all systems, an increase in PVPON molecular weight from Mw = 2.5 to 1300 kDa resulted in increased total film thickness. We also show that increasing polymer Mw smooths the hydrogen-bonded film surfaces but roughens those of the hydrogels. Using deuterated dPMAA marker layers in neutron reflectometry measurements, we found that hydrogen-bonded films reveal a high degree of stratification which is preserved in the cross-linked films. We observed dPMAA to be distributed more widely in the hydrogen-bonded films prepared with small Mw PVPON due to the greater mobility of short-chain PVPON. Furthermore, these variations in the distribution of PMAA are erased after cross-linking, resulting in a distribution of dPMAA over about two bilayers for all Mw but being somewhat more widely distributed in the films templated with higher Mw PVPON. Finally, our results yieldmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Spallation Neutron Source
- Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1324154
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Macromolecules
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 48; Journal Issue: 23; Journal ID: ISSN 0024-9297
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Kozlovskaya, Veronika, Zavgorodnya, Oleksandra, Ankner, John F., and Kharlampieva, Eugenia. Controlling Internal Organization of Multilayer Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogels with Polymer Molecular Weight. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02019.
Kozlovskaya, Veronika, Zavgorodnya, Oleksandra, Ankner, John F., & Kharlampieva, Eugenia. Controlling Internal Organization of Multilayer Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogels with Polymer Molecular Weight. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02019
Kozlovskaya, Veronika, Zavgorodnya, Oleksandra, Ankner, John F., and Kharlampieva, Eugenia. Mon .
"Controlling Internal Organization of Multilayer Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogels with Polymer Molecular Weight". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02019. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1324154.
@article{osti_1324154,
title = {Controlling Internal Organization of Multilayer Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogels with Polymer Molecular Weight},
author = {Kozlovskaya, Veronika and Zavgorodnya, Oleksandra and Ankner, John F. and Kharlampieva, Eugenia},
abstractNote = {Here, we report on tailoring the internal architecture of multilayer-derived poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) hydrogels by controlling the molecular weight of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) in hydrogen-bonded (PMAA/PVPON) layer-by-layer precursor films. The hydrogels are produced by cross-linking PMAA in the spin-assisted multilayers followed by PVPON release. We found that the thickness, morphology, and architecture of hydrogen-bonded films and the corresponding hydrogels are significantly affected by PVPON chain length. For all systems, an increase in PVPON molecular weight from Mw = 2.5 to 1300 kDa resulted in increased total film thickness. We also show that increasing polymer Mw smooths the hydrogen-bonded film surfaces but roughens those of the hydrogels. Using deuterated dPMAA marker layers in neutron reflectometry measurements, we found that hydrogen-bonded films reveal a high degree of stratification which is preserved in the cross-linked films. We observed dPMAA to be distributed more widely in the hydrogen-bonded films prepared with small Mw PVPON due to the greater mobility of short-chain PVPON. Furthermore, these variations in the distribution of PMAA are erased after cross-linking, resulting in a distribution of dPMAA over about two bilayers for all Mw but being somewhat more widely distributed in the films templated with higher Mw PVPON. Finally, our results yield new insights into controlling the organization of nanostructured polymer networks using polymer molecular weight and open opportunities for fabrication of thin films with well-organized architecture and controllable function.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02019},
journal = {Macromolecules},
number = 23,
volume = 48,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 16 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Mon Nov 16 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Polymer Gels
journal, December 2004
- Osada, Yoshihito; Ping Gong, Jian; Tanaka, Yutaka
- Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews, Vol. 44, Issue 1
Factors influencing drug and protein transport and release from ionic hydrogels
journal, June 1995
- am Ende, M. T.; Hariharan, D.; Peppas, N. A.
- Reactive Polymers, Vol. 25, Issue 2-3
Numerical Study of a Drug Release Profile in the Transdermal Drug Delivery System
journal, January 2006
- Zeng, Jianming; Tikare, Veena; Jacob, Karl I.
- Langmuir, Vol. 22, Issue 3
Functional hydrogel structures for autonomous flow control inside microfluidic channels
journal, April 2000
- Beebe, David J.; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Bauer, Joseph M.
- Nature, Vol. 404, Issue 6778
Fast pH- and Ionic Strength-Responsive Hydrogels in Microchannels
journal, August 2001
- Zhao, Bin; Moore, Jeffrey S.
- Langmuir, Vol. 17, Issue 16
Kinetics of swelling of gels
journal, February 1979
- Tanaka, Toyoichi; Fillmore, David J.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 70, Issue 3
Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels: ideal carriers for chronobiology and chronotherapy
journal, January 2004
- Peppas, Nicholas A.; Leobandung, William
- Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials
journal, October 1997
- Holtz, John H.; Asher, Sanford A.
- Nature, Vol. 389, Issue 6653
Glucose-Sensitive Inverse Opal Hydrogels: Analysis of Optical Diffraction Response
journal, April 2004
- Lee, Yun-Ju; Pruzinsky, Stephanie A.; Braun, Paul V.
- Langmuir, Vol. 20, Issue 8
Hydrophobically modified alginate hydrogels as protein carriers with specific controlled release properties
journal, August 2004
- Leonard, M.; De Boisseson, M. Rastello; Hubert, P.
- Journal of Controlled Release, Vol. 98, Issue 3
Amphoteric Surface Hydrogels Derived from Hydrogen-Bonded Multilayers: Reversible Loading of Dyes and Macromolecules
journal, October 2006
- Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Erel-Unal, Irem; Sukhishvili, Svetlana A.
- Langmuir, Vol. 23, Issue 1
Multiresponsive, Hierarchically Structured Membranes: New, Challenging, Biomimetic Materials for Biosensors, Controlled Release, Biochemical Gates, and Nanoreactors
journal, January 2009
- Tokarev, Ihor; Minko, Sergiy
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 2
Multi-membrane hydrogels
journal, March 2008
- Ladet, Sébastien; David, Laurent; Domard, Alain
- Nature, Vol. 452, Issue 7183
Multi-membrane hydrogel fabricated by facile dynamic self-assembly
journal, January 2009
- Dai, Hongjun; Li, Xiaofeng; Long, Yuhua
- Soft Matter, Vol. 5, Issue 10
Formation of Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Multilayers Using Enzyme-Mediated Redox Chain Initiation
journal, June 2010
- Johnson, Leah M.; DeForest, Cole A.; Pendurti, Aishwarya
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Sequential formation of covalently bonded hydrogel multilayers through surface initiated photopolymerization
journal, March 2006
- Kızılel, Seda; Sawardecker, Erin; Teymour, Fouad
- Biomaterials, Vol. 27, Issue 8
Micro-stratified architectures based on successive stacking of alginate gel layers and poly(l-lysine)–hyaluronic acid multilayer films aimed at tissue engineering
journal, January 2008
- Mjahed, Hajare; Porcel, Claudine; Senger, Bernard
- Soft Matter, Vol. 4, Issue 7
Ultrahigh-Water-Content Supramolecular Hydrogels Exhibiting Multistimuli Responsiveness
journal, July 2012
- Appel, Eric A.; Loh, Xian Jun; Jones, Samuel T.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 28
Facile and Biocompatible Fabrication of Chemically Sol−Gel Transitional Hydrogel Free-Standing Microarchitectures
journal, January 2011
- Lee, Wonhye; Son, Jaejung; Yoo, Seung-Schik
- Biomacromolecules, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Multilayered, Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel Formulations Suitable for Automated 3D High Throughput Drug Screening of Cancer-Stromal Cell Cocultures
journal, June 2015
- Engel, Brian J.; Constantinou, Pamela E.; Sablatura, Lindsey K.
- Advanced Healthcare Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 11
Stabilization of electrophoretically adhered gel-interfaces to construct multi-layered hydrogels
journal, January 2013
- Asoh, Taka-Aki; Kawamura, Eri; Kikuchi, Akihiko
- RSC Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 21
Multilayer-derived, ultrathin, stimuli-responsive hydrogels
journal, January 2009
- Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Erel, Irem
- Soft Matter, Vol. 5, Issue 21
Micropatterning of Polymer Thin Films with pH-Sensitive and Cross-linkable Hydrogen-Bonded Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
journal, March 2002
- Yang, Sung Yun; Rubner, Michael F.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 124, Issue 10
Layer-by-layer engineered capsules and their applications
journal, October 2006
- Johnston, Angus P. R.; Cortez, Christina; Angelatos, Alexandra S.
- Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Form and Function in Multilayer Assembly: New Applications at the Nanoscale
journal, August 2004
- Hammond, P. T.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 15
Stimuli-Responsive Porous Hydrogels at Interfaces for Molecular Filtration, Separation, Controlled Release, and Gating in Capsules and Membranes
journal, May 2010
- Tokarev, Ihor; Minko, Sergiy
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 31
Salt-induced changes in the growth of polyelectrolyte layers of poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) and poly(4-styrene sulfonate of sodium)
journal, January 2009
- Guzmán, Eduardo; Ritacco, Hernán; Rubio, José E. F.
- Soft Matter, Vol. 5, Issue 10
Growth of Polyelectrolyte Layers Formed by Poly(4-styrenesulfonate sodium salt) and Two Different Polycations: New Insights from Study of Adsorption Kinetics
journal, July 2012
- Guzmán, Eduardo; Ritacco, Hernán A.; Ortega, Francisco
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 29
Antibacterial Properties of Ag Nanoparticle Loaded Multilayers and Formation of Magnetically Directed Antibacterial Microparticles
journal, October 2005
- Lee, Daeyeon; Cohen, Robert E.; Rubner, Michael F.
- Langmuir, Vol. 21, Issue 21
pH-triggered shape response of cubical ultrathin hydrogel capsules
journal, January 2012
- Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Wang, Yun; Higgins, William
- Soft Matter, Vol. 8, Issue 38
Internalization of Red Blood Cell-Mimicking Hydrogel Capsules with pH-Triggered Shape Responses
journal, May 2014
- Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Alexander, Jenolyn F.; Wang, Yun
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 6
Shape-Dependent Cellular Processing of Polyelectrolyte Capsules
journal, December 2012
- Shimoni, Olga; Yan, Yan; Wang, Yajun
- ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Versatile fabrication of arbitrarily shaped multi-membrane hydrogels suitable for biomedical applications
journal, January 2013
- Duan, Jiangjiang; Hou, Ruixia; Xiong, Xiaopeng
- J. Mater. Chem. B, Vol. 1, Issue 4
Stepwise Preparation and Characterization of Ultrathin Hydrogels Composed of Thermoresponsive Polymers
journal, August 2004
- Serizawa, Takeshi; Matsukuma, Daisuke; Nanameki, Kazuhisa
- Macromolecules, Vol. 37, Issue 17
“Click”-Based Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly on Polyethylene Using Water-Soluble Polymeric Reagents
journal, June 2007
- Bergbreiter, David E.; Chance, Brandon S.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 40, Issue 15
Strategies for covalently reticulated polymer multilayers
journal, January 2012
- Rydzek, Gaulthier; Schaaf, Pierre; Voegel, Jean-Claude
- Soft Matter, Vol. 8, Issue 38
Facile fabrication of ultrathin antibacterial hydrogel films via layer-by-layer “click” chemistry
journal, January 2014
- Wang, Huan; Zha, Guangyu; Du, Hong
- Polym. Chem., Vol. 5, Issue 22
Shape switching of hollow layer-by-layer hydrogel microcontainers
journal, January 2011
- Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Higgins, William; Chen, Jun
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 47, Issue 29
Highly swellable ultrathin poly(4-vinylpyridine) multilayer hydrogels with pH-triggered surface wettability
journal, January 2013
- Wang, Yun; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Arcibal, Imee G.
- Soft Matter, Vol. 9, Issue 39
Tailoring Architecture of Nanothin Hydrogels: Effect of Layering on pH-Triggered Swelling
journal, February 2013
- Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Zavgorodnya, Oleksandra; Wang, Yun
- ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Temperature-responsive properties of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) multilayer hydrogels in the presence of Hofmeister anions
journal, September 2014
- Zavgorodnya, Oleksandra; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Liang, Xing
- Materials Research Express, Vol. 1, Issue 3
Dynamic Aspects of Films Prepared by a Sequential Deposition of Species: Perspectives for Smart and Responsive Materials
journal, January 2011
- Lavalle, Philippe; Voegel, Jean-Claude; Vautier, Dominique
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 10
Polymer Multilayers with pH-Triggered Release of Antibacterial Agents
journal, December 2010
- Pavlukhina, Svetlana; Lu, Yiming; Patimetha, Altida
- Biomacromolecules, Vol. 11, Issue 12
Internal structure of layer-by-layer adsorbed polyelectrolyte films: a neutron and x-ray reflectivity study
journal, December 1993
- Schmitt, Johannes; Gruenewald, Torsten; Decher, Gero
- Macromolecules, Vol. 26, Issue 25
Neutron Reflectivity Investigations of Self-Assembled Conjugated Polyion Multilayers
journal, January 1996
- Kellogg, G. J.; Mayes, A. M.; Stockton, W. B.
- Langmuir, Vol. 12, Issue 21
Internal structure of polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies
journal, January 2006
- v. Klitzing, Regine
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 43
Influence of Lipid Membrane Rigidity on Properties of Supporting Polymer
journal, July 2011
- Jablin, Michael S.; Dubey, Manish; Zhernenkov, Mikhail
- Biophysical Journal, Vol. 101, Issue 1
Non-Electrostatic Building of Biomimetic Cellulose−Xyloglucan Multilayers
journal, November 2008
- Jean, Bruno; Heux, Laurent; Dubreuil, Frédéric
- Langmuir, Vol. 25, Issue 7
The Influence of Secondary Interactions during the Formation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Layer Thickness, Bound Water and Layer Interpenetration †
journal, July 2007
- Gopinadhan, Manesh; Ivanova, Oxana; Ahrens, Heiko
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 111, Issue 29
Effects of Fluid Shear Stress on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers by Neutron Scattering Studies
journal, February 2015
- Singh, Saurabh; Junghans, Ann; Watkins, Erik
- Langmuir, Vol. 31, Issue 9
Evidence of the influence of adsorption kinetics on the internal reorganization of polyelectrolyte multilayers
journal, July 2011
- Guzmán, Eduardo; Ritacco, Hernán; Ortega, Francisco
- Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 384, Issue 1-3
Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Multilayers Probed by Neutron Reflectivity
journal, October 2008
- Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Ankner, John F.
- Langmuir, Vol. 24, Issue 20
Localized entrapment of green fluorescent protein within nanostructured polymer films
journal, January 2011
- Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Ankner, John F.; O'Neill, Hugh
- Soft Matter, Vol. 7, Issue 24
Detailed Structure of Molecularly Thin Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films on Solid Substrates as Revealed by Neutron Reflectometry
journal, December 1998
- Lösche, Mathias; Schmitt, Johannes; Decher, Gero
- Macromolecules, Vol. 31, Issue 25
Salt-Induced Polyelectrolyte Interdiffusion in Multilayered Films: A Neutron Reflectivity Study
journal, October 2005
- Jomaa, Houssam W.; Schlenoff, Joseph B.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 38, Issue 20
-Induced Release of Polyanions from Multilayer Films
journal, March 2008
- Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Ankner, John F.; Rubinstein, Michael
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 12
Spin-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Assembly: Variation of Stratification as Studied with Neutron Reflectivity
journal, July 2009
- Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Chan, Jennifer
- Langmuir, Vol. 25, Issue 24
Molecular Weight Dependence of Polymer Chain Mobility within Multilayer Films
journal, September 2013
- Xu, Li; Selin, Victor; Zhuk, Aliaksandr
- ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 10
Molecular Weight Dependence on the Disintegration of Spin-Assisted Weak Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films
journal, May 2013
- Jang, Yeongseon; Seo, Jooyeon; Akgun, Bulent
- Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 11
Diffusional Response of Layer-by-Layer Assembled Polyelectrolyte Chains to Salt Annealing
journal, June 2015
- Selin, Victor; Ankner, John F.; Sukhishvili, Svetlana A.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 48, Issue 12
Molecular-Level Processing of Conjugated Polymers. 4. Layer-by-Layer Manipulation of Polyaniline via Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions
journal, May 1997
- Stockton, W. B.; Rubner, M. F.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 30, Issue 9
Highly Ion Conductive Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Hydrogen Bonding Layer-by-Layer Assembly
journal, June 2004
- DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Hammond, Paula T.
- Langmuir, Vol. 20, Issue 13
Fabry−Perot Fringes and Their Application To Study the Film Growth, Chain Rearrangement, and Erosion of Hydrogen-Bonded PVPON/PAA Films
journal, June 2006
- Guan, Ying; Yang, Shuguang; Zhang, Yongjun
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 27
Bioinert Solution-Cross-Linked Hydrogen-Bonded Multilayers on Colloidal Particles
journal, June 2004
- Yang, Sung Yun; Lee, Daeyeon; Cohen, Robert E.
- Langmuir, Vol. 20, Issue 14
Controlled switching of the wetting behavior of biomimetic surfaces with hydrogel-supported nanostructures
journal, January 2008
- Sidorenko, Alexander; Krupenkin, Tom; Aizenberg, Joanna
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 32
Thermosensitive Multilayer Hydrogels of Poly( N -vinylcaprolactam) as Nanothin Films and Shaped Capsules
journal, September 2012
- Liang, Xing; Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Chen, Yi
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 19
Analytical Approximation to the Scheutjens−Fleer Theory for Polymer Adsorption from Dilute Solution. 1. Trains, Loops, and Tails in Terms of Two Parameters: The Proximal and Distal Lengths
journal, February 1999
- Fleer, G. J.; van Male, J.; Johner, A.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 32, Issue 3
Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight on the Parabolic and Linear Growth Regime of PDADMAC/PSS Multilayers
journal, July 2013
- Nestler, Peter; Paßvogel, Malte; Helm, Christiane A.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 14
Tuning assembly and enzymatic degradation of silk/poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) multilayers via molecular weight and hydrophobicity
journal, January 2015
- Espinosa-Dzib, Alejandra; Chen, Jun; Zavgorodnya, Oleksandra
- Soft Matter, Vol. 11, Issue 25
Characterization of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)s with broad size distributions
journal, April 2010
- Knappe, Patrick; Bienert, Ralf; Weidner, Steffen
- Polymer, Vol. 51, Issue 8
Controlled Release from Model Blend Multilayer Films Containing Mixtures of Strong and Weak Polyelectrolytes
journal, April 2012
- Jang, Yeongseon; Akgun, Bulent; Kim, Hosub
- Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 8
Fabrication of Highly Ordered Multilayer Films Using a Spin Self-Assembly Method
journal, July 2001
- Cho, J.; Char, K.; Hong, J. -D.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 14
Controlled Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin Films Using Spin-Assembly
journal, August 2001
- Chiarelli, P. A.; Johal, M. S.; Casson, J. L.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 15
Polyelectrolyte spin assembly: Influence of ionic strength on the growth of multilayered thin films
journal, January 2004
- Lefaux, Christophe J.; Zimberlin, Jessica A.; Dobrynin, Andrey V.
- Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 19
Ultrathin Layer-by-Layer Hydrogels with Incorporated Gold Nanorods as pH-Sensitive Optical Materials
journal, December 2008
- Kozlovskaya, Veronika; Kharlampieva, Eugenia; Khanal, Bishnu P.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 24
Works referencing / citing this record:
Neutron scattering in the biological sciences: progress and prospects
journal, December 2018
- Ashkar, Rana; Bilheux, Hassina Z.; Bordallo, Heliosa
- Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology, Vol. 74, Issue 12
Gelation of Triblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solution through CO 2 -Triggered Electrostatic Interaction
journal, June 2017
- Yu, Bing; Fan, Weizheng; Zhao, Yue
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 218, Issue 17
Recent applications of synchrotron radiation and neutrons in the study of soft matter
journal, February 2017
- Narayanan, Theyencheri; Wacklin, Hanna; Konovalov, Oleg
- Crystallography Reviews, Vol. 23, Issue 3
Drug release kinetics of pH-responsive microgels of different glass-transition temperatures
journal, November 2018
- Islam, M. S.; Tan, J. P. K.; Kwok, C. Y.
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 136, Issue 13
Encapsulation and Ultrasound-Triggered Release of G-Quadruplex DNA in Multilayer Hydrogel Microcapsules
journal, December 2018
- Alford, Aaron; Tucker, Brenna; Kozlovskaya, Veronika
- Polymers, Vol. 10, Issue 12