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Title: Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods

Abstract

Here in this perspective, we discuss the standardization of analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oils, including the current status of methods, and our opinions on future directions. First, the history of past standardization efforts is summarized, and both successful and unsuccessful validation of analytical techniques highlighted. The majority of analytical standardization studies to-date has tested only physical characterization techniques. Here, we present results from an international round robin on the validation of chemical characterization techniques for bio-oils. Techniques tested included acid number, carbonyl titrations using two different methods (one at room temperature and one at 80 °C), 31P NMR for determination of hydroxyl groups, and a quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both carbonyl titration and acid number methods have yielded acceptable inter-laboratory variabilities. 31P NMR produced acceptable results for aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups, but not for carboxylic hydroxyl groups. As shown in previous round robins, GC-MS results were more variable. Reliable chemical characterization of bio-oils will enable upgrading research and allow for detailed comparisons of bio-oils produced at different facilities. Reliable analytics are also needed to enable an emerging bioenergy industry, as processing facilities often have different analytical needs and capabilities than research facilities. In conclusion, we feel thatmore » correlations in reliable characterizations of bio-oils will help strike a balance between research and industry, and will ultimately help to determine metrics for bio-oil quality. Finally, the standardization of additional analytical methods is needed, particularly for upgraded bio-oils.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  2. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
  5. Thunen Inst. of Wood Research (TI), Hamburg (Germany)
  6. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd (VTT), Espoo (Finland)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1319212
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1320384
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5100-65521
Journal ID: ISSN 1932-104X
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; AC36-08-GO28308; AC06-76RL01830; AC36-08GO28308
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-104X
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
09 BIOMASS FUELS; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; bio-oil; analysis; analytical; titration; round robin; pyrolysis

Citation Formats

Ferrell, Jack R., Olarte, Mariefel V., Christensen, Earl D., Padmaperuma, Asanga B., Connatser, Raynella M., Stankovikj, Filip, Meier, Dietrich, and Paasikallio, Ville. Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1002/bbb.1661.
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Ferrell, Jack R., Olarte, Mariefel V., Christensen, Earl D., Padmaperuma, Asanga B., Connatser, Raynella M., Stankovikj, Filip, Meier, Dietrich, & Paasikallio, Ville. Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1661
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Ferrell, Jack R., Olarte, Mariefel V., Christensen, Earl D., Padmaperuma, Asanga B., Connatser, Raynella M., Stankovikj, Filip, Meier, Dietrich, and Paasikallio, Ville. Tue . "Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1661. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1319212.
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@article{osti_1319212,
title = {Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods},
author = {Ferrell, Jack R. and Olarte, Mariefel V. and Christensen, Earl D. and Padmaperuma, Asanga B. and Connatser, Raynella M. and Stankovikj, Filip and Meier, Dietrich and Paasikallio, Ville},
abstractNote = {Here in this perspective, we discuss the standardization of analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oils, including the current status of methods, and our opinions on future directions. First, the history of past standardization efforts is summarized, and both successful and unsuccessful validation of analytical techniques highlighted. The majority of analytical standardization studies to-date has tested only physical characterization techniques. Here, we present results from an international round robin on the validation of chemical characterization techniques for bio-oils. Techniques tested included acid number, carbonyl titrations using two different methods (one at room temperature and one at 80 °C), 31P NMR for determination of hydroxyl groups, and a quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both carbonyl titration and acid number methods have yielded acceptable inter-laboratory variabilities. 31P NMR produced acceptable results for aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups, but not for carboxylic hydroxyl groups. As shown in previous round robins, GC-MS results were more variable. Reliable chemical characterization of bio-oils will enable upgrading research and allow for detailed comparisons of bio-oils produced at different facilities. Reliable analytics are also needed to enable an emerging bioenergy industry, as processing facilities often have different analytical needs and capabilities than research facilities. In conclusion, we feel that correlations in reliable characterizations of bio-oils will help strike a balance between research and industry, and will ultimately help to determine metrics for bio-oil quality. Finally, the standardization of additional analytical methods is needed, particularly for upgraded bio-oils.},
doi = {10.1002/bbb.1661},
journal = {Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining},
number = 5,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Jul 05 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1661
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 40 works
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Figures / Tables:

Table 1 Table 1: Carbonyl Titration Results (mmol carbonyl/g bio-oil).
All figures and tables (4 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

A Review of the Chemical Composition of Fast-Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass
book, January 1997

GC/MS Characterization of Liquids Generated from Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Wood
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In-depth investigation on quantitative characterization of pyrolysis oil by 31 P NMR
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Norms, Standards, and Legislation for Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils from Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Analysis of Oxygenated Compounds in Hydrotreated Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil Distillate Fractions
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journal, November 2012

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Molecular weight distribution of raw and catalytic fast pyrolysis oils: comparison of analytical methodologies
    journal, January 2020

    • Harman-Ware, Anne E.; Orton, Kellene; Deng, Chris
    • RSC Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09726k
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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      Table 1 (p. 6)table
      Table 2 (p. 7)table
      Table 3 (p. 7)table
      Table 4 (p. 9)table
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