Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames
Abstract
Many oxygenated hydrocarbon species formed during combustion, such as furans, are highly toxic and detrimental to human health and the environment. These species may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate. However, large furans and associated oxygenated species have not previously been observed in flames, and their formation mechanism and interplay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are poorly understood. We report on a synergistic computational and experimental effort that elucidates the formation of oxygen-embedded compounds, such as furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. We used ab initio and probabilistic computational techniques to identify low-barrier reaction mechanisms for the formation of large furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. We used vacuum-UV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm these predictions. We show that fura ns are produced in the high- Temperature regions of hydrocarbon flames, where they remarkably survive and become the main functional group of oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot. In controlled flame studies, we discovered ~100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for. We found that large alcohols and enols act as precursors to furans, leading to incorporation of oxygen into themore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1260993
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1379529
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; AC02-05CH11231; SC0002619
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 113 Journal Issue: 30; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
- Publisher:
- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; furans; oxygenated hydrocarbons; soot; organic carbon; black carbon
Citation Formats
Johansson, K. Olof, Dillstrom, Tyler, Monti, Matteo, El Gabaly, Farid, Campbell, Matthew F., Schrader, Paul E., Popolan-Vaida, Denisia M., Richards-Henderson, Nicole K., Wilson, Kevin R., Violi, Angela, and Michelsen, Hope A. Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1604772113.
Johansson, K. Olof, Dillstrom, Tyler, Monti, Matteo, El Gabaly, Farid, Campbell, Matthew F., Schrader, Paul E., Popolan-Vaida, Denisia M., Richards-Henderson, Nicole K., Wilson, Kevin R., Violi, Angela, & Michelsen, Hope A. Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604772113
Johansson, K. Olof, Dillstrom, Tyler, Monti, Matteo, El Gabaly, Farid, Campbell, Matthew F., Schrader, Paul E., Popolan-Vaida, Denisia M., Richards-Henderson, Nicole K., Wilson, Kevin R., Violi, Angela, and Michelsen, Hope A. Thu .
"Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604772113.
@article{osti_1260993,
title = {Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames},
author = {Johansson, K. Olof and Dillstrom, Tyler and Monti, Matteo and El Gabaly, Farid and Campbell, Matthew F. and Schrader, Paul E. and Popolan-Vaida, Denisia M. and Richards-Henderson, Nicole K. and Wilson, Kevin R. and Violi, Angela and Michelsen, Hope A.},
abstractNote = {Many oxygenated hydrocarbon species formed during combustion, such as furans, are highly toxic and detrimental to human health and the environment. These species may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate. However, large furans and associated oxygenated species have not previously been observed in flames, and their formation mechanism and interplay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are poorly understood. We report on a synergistic computational and experimental effort that elucidates the formation of oxygen-embedded compounds, such as furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. We used ab initio and probabilistic computational techniques to identify low-barrier reaction mechanisms for the formation of large furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. We used vacuum-UV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm these predictions. We show that fura ns are produced in the high- Temperature regions of hydrocarbon flames, where they remarkably survive and become the main functional group of oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot. In controlled flame studies, we discovered ~100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for. We found that large alcohols and enols act as precursors to furans, leading to incorporation of oxygen into the carbon skeletons of PAHs. Our results depart dramatically from the crude chemistry of carbonand oxygen-containing molecules previously considered in hydrocarbon formation and oxidation models and spearhead the emerging understanding of the oxidation chemistry that is critical, for example, to control emissions of toxic and carcinogenic combustion by-products, which also greatly affect global warming.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1604772113},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 30,
volume = 113,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Thu Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604772113
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