Tunable one-dimensional electron gas carrier densities at nanostructured oxide interfaces
Abstract
The emergence of two-dimensional metallic states at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructure interface is known to occur at a critical thickness of four LAO over layers. This insulator-to-metal transition can be explained through the polar catastrophe mechanism arising from the divergence of the electrostatic potential at the LAO surface. Here, we demonstrate that nanostructuring can be effective in reducing or eliminating this critical thickness. Employing a modified polar catastrophe" model, we demonstrate that the nanowire heterostructure electrostatic potential diverges more rapidly as a function of layer thickness than in a regular heterostructure. Our first principles calculations indicate that for nanowire heterostructure geometries a one-dimensional electron gas (1DEG) can be induced, consistent with recent experimental observations of 1D conductivity in LAO/STO steps. Similar to LAO/STO 2DEGs, we predict that the 1D charge density will decay laterally within a few unit cells away from the nanowire; thus providing a mechanism for tuning the carrier behavior between 1D and 2D conductivity. Furthermore, our work provides insight into the creation and manipulation of charge density at an oxide heterostructure interface and therefore may be beneficial for future nanoelectronic devices and for the engineering of novel quantum phases.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1255663
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; electronic properties and materials; electronic structure
Citation Formats
Zhang, Lipeng, Xu, Haixuan, Kent, Paul R. C., Ganesh, Panchapakesan, Cooper, Valentino R., and Zhuang, Houlong L. Tunable one-dimensional electron gas carrier densities at nanostructured oxide interfaces. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1038/srep25452.
Zhang, Lipeng, Xu, Haixuan, Kent, Paul R. C., Ganesh, Panchapakesan, Cooper, Valentino R., & Zhuang, Houlong L. Tunable one-dimensional electron gas carrier densities at nanostructured oxide interfaces. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25452
Zhang, Lipeng, Xu, Haixuan, Kent, Paul R. C., Ganesh, Panchapakesan, Cooper, Valentino R., and Zhuang, Houlong L. Fri .
"Tunable one-dimensional electron gas carrier densities at nanostructured oxide interfaces". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25452. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1255663.
@article{osti_1255663,
title = {Tunable one-dimensional electron gas carrier densities at nanostructured oxide interfaces},
author = {Zhang, Lipeng and Xu, Haixuan and Kent, Paul R. C. and Ganesh, Panchapakesan and Cooper, Valentino R. and Zhuang, Houlong L.},
abstractNote = {The emergence of two-dimensional metallic states at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructure interface is known to occur at a critical thickness of four LAO over layers. This insulator-to-metal transition can be explained through the polar catastrophe mechanism arising from the divergence of the electrostatic potential at the LAO surface. Here, we demonstrate that nanostructuring can be effective in reducing or eliminating this critical thickness. Employing a modified polar catastrophe" model, we demonstrate that the nanowire heterostructure electrostatic potential diverges more rapidly as a function of layer thickness than in a regular heterostructure. Our first principles calculations indicate that for nanowire heterostructure geometries a one-dimensional electron gas (1DEG) can be induced, consistent with recent experimental observations of 1D conductivity in LAO/STO steps. Similar to LAO/STO 2DEGs, we predict that the 1D charge density will decay laterally within a few unit cells away from the nanowire; thus providing a mechanism for tuning the carrier behavior between 1D and 2D conductivity. Furthermore, our work provides insight into the creation and manipulation of charge density at an oxide heterostructure interface and therefore may be beneficial for future nanoelectronic devices and for the engineering of novel quantum phases.},
doi = {10.1038/srep25452},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = ,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Fri May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 6 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces
journal, January 2012
- Hwang, H. Y.; Iwasa, Y.; Kawasaki, M.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Interface Physics in Complex Oxide Heterostructures
journal, March 2011
- Zubko, Pavlo; Gariglio, Stefano; Gabay, Marc
- Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Oxide Interfaces--An Opportunity for Electronics
journal, March 2010
- Mannhart, J.; Schlom, D. G.
- Science, Vol. 327, Issue 5973, p. 1607-1611
Oxide Nanoelectronics on Demand
journal, February 2009
- Cen, C.; Thiel, S.; Mannhart, J.
- Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5917
MATERIALS SCIENCE: Atomically Engineered Oxide Interfaces
journal, February 2009
- Reiner, J. W.; Walker, F. J.; Ahn, C. H.
- Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5917
Mechanical Tuning of LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Interface Conductivity
journal, April 2015
- Sharma, P.; Ryu, S.; Burton, J. D.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 5
Anomalous High Mobility in LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Nanowires
journal, January 2013
- Irvin, Patrick; Veazey, Joshua P.; Cheng, Guanglei
- Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Switchable Induced Polarization in LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Heterostructures
journal, January 2012
- Bark, C. W.; Sharma, P.; Wang, Y.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 4
Creation of High Mobility Two-Dimensional Electron Gases via Strain Induced Polarization at an Otherwise Nonpolar Complex Oxide Interface
journal, February 2015
- Chen, Yunzhong; Trier, Felix; Kasama, Takeshi
- Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 3
Tuning the Interface Conductivity of LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Using Ion Beams: Implications for Patterning
journal, November 2013
- Mathew, Sinu; Annadi, Anil; Chan, Taw Kuei
- ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 12
A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
journal, January 2004
- Ohtomo, A.; Hwang, H. Y.
- Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6973
Tunable Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron Gases in Oxide Heterostructures
journal, September 2006
- Thiel, S.
- Science, Vol. 313, Issue 5795, p. 1942-1945
Magnetic effects at the interface between non-magnetic oxides
journal, June 2007
- Brinkman, A.; Huijben, M.; van Zalk, M.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 7, p. 493-496
Superconducting Interfaces Between Insulating Oxides
journal, August 2007
- Reyren, N.; Thiel, S.; Caviglia, A. D.
- Science, Vol. 317, Issue 5842
Why some interfaces cannot be sharp
journal, January 2006
- Nakagawa, Naoyuki; Hwang, Harold Y.; Muller, David A.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3, p. 204-209
First-Principles Modeling of Electrostatically Doped Perovskite Systems
journal, March 2011
- Stengel, Massimiliano
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 13
Berry-phase theory of polar discontinuities at oxide-oxide interfaces
journal, December 2009
- Stengel, Massimiliano; Vanderbilt, David
- Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 24
One-Dimensional Quantum Wire Formed at the Boundary between Two Insulating Interfaces
journal, March 2014
- Ron, A.; Dagan, Y.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 13
Tunable conductivity threshold at polar oxide interfaces
journal, January 2012
- Reinle-Schmitt, M. L.; Cancellieri, C.; Li, D.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set
journal, October 1996
- Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186
Projector augmented-wave method
journal, December 1994
- Blöchl, P. E.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 50, Issue 24, p. 17953-17979
From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method
journal, January 1999
- Kresse, G.; Joubert, D.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 59, Issue 3, p. 1758-1775
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996
- Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868
Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide: An LSDA+U study
journal, January 1998
- Dudarev, S. L.; Botton, G. A.; Savrasov, S. Y.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 3, p. 1505-1509
Ionic relaxation contribution to the electronic reconstruction at the -type interface
journal, November 2008
- Pentcheva, Rossitza; Pickett, Warren E.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 20
Exponential decay of relaxation effects at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces
journal, January 2009
- Schwingenschlögl, U.; Schuster, C.
- Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 467, Issue 4-6
Surface effects on oxide heterostructures
journal, November 2007
- Schwingenschlögl, U.; Schuster, C.
- Europhysics Letters (EPL), Vol. 81, Issue 1
Avoiding the Polarization Catastrophe in Overlayers on through Polar Distortion
journal, March 2009
- Pentcheva, Rossitza; Pickett, Warren E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 10
Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations
journal, June 1976
- Monkhorst, Hendrik J.; Pack, James D.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 13, Issue 12, p. 5188-5192
Electron Transfer and Ionic Displacements at the Origin of the 2D Electron Gas at the LAO/STO Interface: Direct Measurements with Atomic-Column Spatial Resolution
journal, June 2012
- Cantoni, Claudia; Gazquez, Jaume; Miletto Granozio, Fabio
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 29
Origin of Charge Density at on Heterointerfaces: Possibility of Intrinsic Doping
journal, May 2007
- Siemons, Wolter; Koster, Gertjan; Yamamoto, Hideki
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 19, Article No. 196802
Lattice Relaxation in Oxide Heterostructures: Superlattices
journal, July 2006
- Okamoto, Satoshi; Millis, Andrew J.; Spaldin, Nicola A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 5
Electronic reconstruction at an interface between a Mott insulator and a band insulator
journal, April 2004
- Okamoto, Satoshi; Millis, Andrew J.
- Nature, Vol. 428, Issue 6983
Electronic charges and electric potential at LaAlO /SrTiO interfaces studied by core-level photoemission spectroscopy
journal, December 2011
- Takizawa, M.; Tsuda, S.; Susaki, T.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 24
Creation and control of a two-dimensional electron liquid at the bare SrTiO3 surface
journal, January 2011
- Meevasana, W.; King, P. D. C.; He, R. H.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Transparent conducting oxides: A δ-doped superlattice approach
journal, August 2014
- Cooper, Valentino R.; Seo, Sung S. Ambrose; Lee, Suyoun
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Fractionally δ-Doped Oxide Superlattices for Higher Carrier Mobilities
journal, January 2012
- Choi, Woo Seok; Lee, Suyoun; Cooper, Valentino R.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 9
Enhanced carrier mobilities in two-dimensional electron gases at III-III/I-V oxide heterostructure interfaces
journal, June 2012
- Cooper, Valentino R.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 23
Thickness-dependent carrier density at the surface of (111) slabs
journal, February 2014
- Sivadas, N.; Dixit, H.; Cooper, Valentino R.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 7
Oxide superlattices with alternating and interfaces
journal, July 2009
- Bristowe, N. C.; Artacho, Emilio; Littlewood, P. B.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 4
Lattice-polarization effects on electron-gas charge densities in ionic superlattices
journal, May 2006
- Hamann, D. R.; Muller, D. A.; Hwang, H. Y.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 73, Issue 19
Theory of Mott insulator–band insulator heterostructures
journal, August 2004
- Okamoto, Satoshi; Millis, Andrew J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 70, Issue 7
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO3
journal, January 2011
- Santander-Syro, A. F.; Copie, O.; Kondo, T.
- Nature, Vol. 469, Issue 7329, p. 189-193
LaTiO 3 /KTaO 3 interfaces: A new two-dimensional electron gas system
journal, March 2015
- Zou, K.; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab; Kisslinger, Kim
- APL Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Mechanical Tuning of LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Interface Conductivity
journal, April 2015
- Sharma, P.; Ryu, S.; Burton, J. D.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 5
Correction to Creation of High Mobility Two-Dimensional Electron Gases via Strain Induced Polarization at an Otherwise Nonpolar Complex Oxide Interface
journal, March 2017
- Chen, Yunzhong; Trier, Felix; Kasama, Takeshi
- Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 4
Fractionally δ-Doped Oxide Superlattices for Higher Carrier Mobilities
journal, January 2012
- Choi, Woo Seok; Lee, Suyoun; Cooper, Valentino R.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 9
Tuning the Interface Conductivity of LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 Using Ion Beams: Implications for Patterning
journal, November 2013
- Mathew, Sinu; Annadi, Anil; Chan, Taw Kuei
- ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 12
A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
journal, January 2004
- Ohtomo, A.; Hwang, H. Y.
- Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6973
Transparent conducting oxides: A δ-doped superlattice approach
journal, August 2014
- Cooper, Valentino R.; Seo, Sung S. Ambrose; Lee, Suyoun
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
The net charge at interfaces between insulators
journal, February 2011
- Bristowe, N. C.; Littlewood, P. B.; Artacho, Emilio
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 23, Issue 8
Subband Structure of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Formed at the Polar Surface of the Strong Spin-Orbit Perovskite
journal, March 2012
- King, P. D. C.; He, R. H.; Eknapakul, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 11
Superconducting Interfaces Between Insulating Oxides
journal, August 2007
- Reyren, N.; Thiel, S.; Caviglia, A. D.
- Science, Vol. 317, Issue 5842
Oxide Nanoelectronics on Demand
journal, February 2009
- Cen, C.; Thiel, S.; Mannhart, J.
- Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5917
Oxide Interfaces--An Opportunity for Electronics
journal, March 2010
- Mannhart, J.; Schlom, D. G.
- Science, Vol. 327, Issue 5973, p. 1607-1611
Oxide superlattices with alternating p and n interfaces
text, January 2009
- Bristowe, N. C.; Artacho, Emilio; Littlewood, P. B.
- arXiv
Berry-phase theory of polar discontinuities at oxide-oxide interfaces
text, January 2009
- Stengel, Massimiliano; Vanderbilt, David
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Oxygen Diode Formed in Nickelate Heterostructures by Chemical Potential Mismatch
journal, March 2018
- Guo, Er-Jia; Liu, Yaohua; Sohn, Changhee
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 15
Formation and Tuning of 2D Electron Gas in Perovskite Heterostructures
journal, December 2019
- Maznichenko, Igor V.; Ostanin, Sergey; Ernst, Arthur
- physica status solidi (b), Vol. 257, Issue 7
Surface termination and electronic reconstruction in
journal, August 2018
- Iwasawa, Hideaki; Schröter, Niels B. M.; Masui, Takahiko
- Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 8
Tunable 2D electron gas at the LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 ( 001 ) interface
journal, July 2019
- Maznichenko, I. V.; Ostanin, S.; Ernst, A.
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 7