Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ± condensate of iron-based superconductors

Ong, Tzen; Coleman, Piers; Schmalian, Jörg

doi:10.1073/pnas.1523064113

Title: Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ^± condensate of iron-based superconductors

Abstract

A central question in iron-based superconductivity is the mechanism by which the paired electrons minimize their strong mutual Coulomb repulsion. In most unconventional superconductors, Coulomb repulsion is minimized through the formation of higher angular momentum Cooper pairs, with Fermi surface nodes in the pair wavefunction. The apparent absence of such nodes in the iron-based superconductors has led to a belief they form an s-wave (s^±) singlet state, which changes sign between the electron and hole pockets. However, the multiorbital nature of these systems opens an alternative possibility. In this paper, we propose a new class of s^± state containing a condensate of d-wave Cooper pairs, concealed by their entanglement with the iron orbitals. By combining the d-wave (L=2) motion of the pairs with the internal angular momenta I =2 of the iron orbitals to make a singlet (J =L+I =0), an s^± superconductor with a nontrivial topology is formed. This scenario allows us to understand the development of octet nodes in potassium-doped Ba_1$$-$$xK_XFe₂As₂ as a reconfiguration of the orbital and internal angular momentum into a high spin (J =L+I =4) state; the reverse transition under pressure into a fully gapped state can then be interpreted as a return to the low-spin singlet. Finally, the formation of orbitally entangled pairs is predicted to give rise to a shift in the orbital content at the Fermi surface, which can be tested via laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

Authors:

Ong, Tzen ^[1]; Coleman, Piers ^[2]; Schmalian, Jörg ^[3]

Center for Materials Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
Center for Materials Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854,, Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom,
Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany,, DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany

Publication Date:: Mon May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1250546

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1347954

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-99ER45790

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 113 Journal Issue: 20; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; superconductivity; iron-based superconductors; unconventional superconductivity; strongly correlated electrons

Citation Formats


                    Ong, Tzen, Coleman, Piers, and Schmalian, Jörg. Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ± condensate of iron-based superconductors.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1073/pnas.1523064113.

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                    Ong, Tzen, Coleman, Piers, & Schmalian, Jörg. Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ± condensate of iron-based superconductors.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523064113

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                    Ong, Tzen, Coleman, Piers, and Schmalian, Jörg. Mon .  
"Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ± condensate of iron-based superconductors".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523064113.

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@article{osti_1250546,

  title        = {Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ± condensate of iron-based superconductors},

  author       = {Ong, Tzen and Coleman, Piers and Schmalian, Jörg},

  abstractNote = {A central question in iron-based superconductivity is the mechanism by which the paired electrons minimize their strong mutual Coulomb repulsion. In most unconventional superconductors, Coulomb repulsion is minimized through the formation of higher angular momentum Cooper pairs, with Fermi surface nodes in the pair wavefunction. The apparent absence of such nodes in the iron-based superconductors has led to a belief they form an s-wave (s±) singlet state, which changes sign between the electron and hole pockets. However, the multiorbital nature of these systems opens an alternative possibility. In this paper, we propose a new class of s± state containing a condensate of d-wave Cooper pairs, concealed by their entanglement with the iron orbitals. By combining the d-wave (L=2) motion of the pairs with the internal angular momenta I =2 of the iron orbitals to make a singlet (J =L+I =0), an s± superconductor with a nontrivial topology is formed. This scenario allows us to understand the development of octet nodes in potassium-doped Ba1$-$xKXFe2As2 as a reconfiguration of the orbital and internal angular momentum into a high spin (J =L+I =4) state; the reverse transition under pressure into a fully gapped state can then be interpreted as a return to the low-spin singlet. Finally, the formation of orbitally entangled pairs is predicted to give rise to a shift in the orbital content at the Fermi surface, which can be tested via laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.},

  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1523064113},

  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},

  number       = 20,

  volume       = 113,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Mon May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Title: Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ± condensate of iron-based superconductors

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Experimental properties of superfluid He 3 journal, April 1975

Spin-triplet p -wave pairing in a three-orbital model for iron pnictide superconductors journal, October 2008

Evidence of d -wave superconductivity in K 1 − x Na x Fe 2 As 2 ( x = 0 , 0.1 ) single crystals from low-temperature specific-heat measurements journal, May 2013

Local Measurement of the Superfluid Density in the Pnictide Superconductor Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 across the Superconducting Dome journal, February 2011

Gap symmetry and structure of Fe-based superconductors journal, October 2011

Superconductivity with Pairs in a Relative p Wave journal, August 1963

He 3 − R : A topological s ± superfluid with triplet pairing journal, November 2014

Mott Transition, Antiferromagnetism, and Unconventional Superconductivity in Layered Organic Superconductors journal, December 2000

Evidence for excluding the possibility of d -wave superconducting-gap symmetry in Ba-doped KFe 2 As 2 journal, February 2014

Microwave Surface-Impedance Measurements of the Magnetic Penetration Depth in Single Crystal Ba 1 − x K x Fe 2 As 2 Superconductors: Evidence for a Disorder-Dependent Superfluid Density journal, May 2009

Nodeless superconducting gap in AxFe2Se2 (A=K,Cs) revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy journal, February 2011

Observation of an isotropic superconducting gap at the Brillouin zone centre of Tl 0.63 K 0.37 Fe 1.78 Se 2 journal, September 2012

Phase-Sensitive Evidence for d -Wave Pairing Symmetry in Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors journal, July 2000

Fermi Surface Topology and Low-Lying Quasiparticle Dynamics of Parent Fe 1 + x Te / Se Superconductor journal, July 2009

Interlayer coupling and p -wave pairing in strontium ruthenate journal, October 2002

Unconventional Superconductivity with a Sign Reversal in the Order Parameter of LaFeAsO 1 − x F x journal, July 2008

Spectroscopic scanning tunneling microscopy insights into Fe-based superconductors journal, November 2011

Fermion zero modes at the boundary of superfluid 3He-B journal, November 2009

Observation of Dirac Cone Electronic Dispersion in BaFe 2 As 2 journal, March 2010

Orbital characters of bands in the iron-based superconductor BaFe 1.85 Co 0.15 As 2 journal, February 2011

Evidence for a cos ﻿ ( 4 φ ) Modulation of the Superconducting Energy Gap of Optimally Doped FeTe 0.6 Se 0.4 Single Crystals Using Laser Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy journal, December 2012

Mapping the orbital wavefunction of the surface states in three-dimensional topological insulators journal, July 2013

Interacting Electrons in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Superconductors book, January 2008

Anisotropic Energy Gaps of Iron-Based Superconductivity from Intraband Quasiparticle Interference in LiFeAs journal, May 2012

Kinetic frustration and the nature of the magnetic and paramagnetic states in iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides journal, September 2011

Orbital-selective superconductivity, gap anisotropy, and spin resonance excitations in a multiorbital t - J 1 - J 2 model for iron pnictides journal, January 2014

Spin Fluctuations and Unconventional Superconductivity in the Fe-Based Oxypnictide Superconductor LaFeAsO 0.7 Probed by 57 Fe-NMR journal, January 2009

Time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 journal, August 1998

Symmetry of superconducting states with two orbitals on a tetragonal lattice: Application to LaFeAsO 1 − x F x journal, August 2008

Unconventional s-Wave Superconductivity in Fe(Se,Te) journal, April 2010

Correlation-Enhanced Odd-Parity Interorbital Singlet Pairing in the Iron-Pnictide Superconductor LiFeAs journal, September 2016

Spin-triplet superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 identified by 17O Knight shift journal, December 1998

Limits on the Superconducting Order Parameter in NdFeAsO 1- x F y from Scanning SQUID Microscopy journal, January 2009

Observation of the Josephson Effect in Pb / Ba 1 − x K x Fe 2 As 2 Single Crystal Junctions journal, April 2009

Superfluidity in 3 He: Discovery and understanding journal, July 1997

Electronic origin of high-temperature superconductivity in single-layer FeSe superconductor journal, January 2012

Evidence for superconducting gap nodes in the zone-centered hole bands of KFe 2 As 2 from magnetic penetration-depth measurements journal, July 2010

Possible nodal superconducting gap and Lifshitz transition in heavily hole-doped Ba 0.1 K 0.9 Fe 2 As 2 journal, December 2013

The superconductivity of Sr 2 RuO 4 and the physics of spin-triplet pairing journal, May 2003

Pairing symmetry and properties of iron-based high-temperature superconductors journal, March 2009

Octet-Line Node Structure of Superconducting Order Parameter in KFe2As2 journal, September 2012

Orbital coupling and superconductivity in the iron pnictides journal, June 2009

Minimal two-band model of the superconducting iron oxypnictides journal, June 2008

Title: Concealed d -wave pairs in the s ^± condensate of iron-based superconductors

Functional renormalization group for multi-orbital Fermi surface instabilities
journal, November 2013

Thermodynamic Study of Nodal Structure and Multiband Superconductivity of KFe ₂ As ₂
journal, January 2014

Nodal spin density wave and band topology of the FeAs-based materials
journal, January 2009

Nodes in the gap function of LaFePO, the gap function of the Fe(Se,Te) systems, and the STM signature of the $s_{\pm}$ pairing
journal, May 2010

Sudden reversal in the pressure dependence of Tc in the iron-based superconductor KFe2As2
journal, May 2013

Superconducting phases of $f$ -electron compounds
journal, November 2009

Sr ₂ RuO ₄ : an electronic analogue of ³ He?
journal, November 1995

A theoretical description of the new phases of liquid ${}^{3}{He}$
journal, April 1975

Integer and half-integer flux-quantum transitions in a niobium–iron pnictide loop
journal, February 2010

Spin dynamics and orbital-antiphase pairing symmetry in iron-based superconductors
journal, October 2014

Pairing symmetry and pairing state in ferropnictides: Theoretical overview
journal, May 2009

Tetrahedral and Orbital Pairing: A Fully Gapped Pairing Scenario for the Iron-Based Superconductors
journal, November 2013

Universal Heat Conduction in the Iron Arsenide Superconductor ${KFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ : Evidence of a $d$ -Wave State
journal, August 2012

Evolution of London penetration depth with scattering in single crystals of $K_{1 - x}$ ${Na}_{x}$ ${Fe}_{2}$ ${As}_{2}$
journal, May 2014

Topological invariant for superfluid 3He-B and quantum phase transitions
journal, December 2009

Doping evolution of the quasiparticle excitations in heavily hole-doped Ba $_{1 - x}$ K $_{x}$ Fe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ : A possible superconducting gap with sign-reversal between hole pockets
journal, March 2014

Strong-Coupling Spin-Singlet Superconductivity with Multiple Full Gaps in Hole-Doped Ba _0.6 K _0.4 Fe ₂ As ₂ Probed by ⁵⁷ Fe-NMR
journal, October 2009

Generalized Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer States and the Proposed Low-Temperature Phase of Liquid ${He}^{3}$
journal, September 1961

Experimental properties of superfluid ${}^{3}{He}$
journal, April 1975

Spin-triplet $p$ -wave pairing in a three-orbital model for iron pnictide superconductors
journal, October 2008

Evidence of $d$ -wave superconductivity in K $_{1 - x}$ Na $_{x}$ Fe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ ( $x = 0, 0.1$ ) single crystals from low-temperature specific-heat measurements
journal, May 2013

Local Measurement of the Superfluid Density in the Pnictide Superconductor $Ba ({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})_{2} {As}_{2}$ across the Superconducting Dome
journal, February 2011

Gap symmetry and structure of Fe-based superconductors
journal, October 2011

Superconductivity with Pairs in a Relative $p$ Wave
journal, August 1963

${}^{3}{He} - R$ : A topological $s^{\pm}$ superfluid with triplet pairing
journal, November 2014

Mott Transition, Antiferromagnetism, and Unconventional Superconductivity in Layered Organic Superconductors
journal, December 2000

Evidence for excluding the possibility of $d$ -wave superconducting-gap symmetry in Ba-doped KFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$
journal, February 2014

Microwave Surface-Impedance Measurements of the Magnetic Penetration Depth in Single Crystal ${Ba}_{1 - x} K_{x} {Fe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ Superconductors: Evidence for a Disorder-Dependent Superfluid Density
journal, May 2009

Nodeless superconducting gap in AxFe2Se2 (A=K,Cs) revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
journal, February 2011

Observation of an isotropic superconducting gap at the Brillouin zone centre of Tl _0.63 K _0.37 Fe _1.78 Se ₂
journal, September 2012

Phase-Sensitive Evidence for $d$ -Wave Pairing Symmetry in Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors
journal, July 2000

Fermi Surface Topology and Low-Lying Quasiparticle Dynamics of Parent ${Fe}_{1 + x} Te / Se$ Superconductor
journal, July 2009

Interlayer coupling and $p$ -wave pairing in strontium ruthenate
journal, October 2002

Unconventional Superconductivity with a Sign Reversal in the Order Parameter of ${LaFeAsO}_{1 - x} F_{x}$
journal, July 2008

Spectroscopic scanning tunneling microscopy insights into Fe-based superconductors
journal, November 2011

Fermion zero modes at the boundary of superfluid 3He-B
journal, November 2009

Observation of Dirac Cone Electronic Dispersion in ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, March 2010

Orbital characters of bands in the iron-based superconductor BaFe $_{1.85}$ Co $_{0.15}$ As $_{2}$
journal, February 2011

Evidence for a $\cos (4 φ)$ Modulation of the Superconducting Energy Gap of Optimally Doped ${FeTe}_{0.6} {Se}_{0.4}$ Single Crystals Using Laser Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
journal, December 2012

Mapping the orbital wavefunction of the surface states in three-dimensional topological insulators
journal, July 2013

Interacting Electrons in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Superconductors
book, January 2008

Anisotropic Energy Gaps of Iron-Based Superconductivity from Intraband Quasiparticle Interference in LiFeAs
journal, May 2012

Kinetic frustration and the nature of the magnetic and paramagnetic states in iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides
journal, September 2011

Orbital-selective superconductivity, gap anisotropy, and spin resonance excitations in a multiorbital $t$ - $J_{1}$ - $J_{2}$ model for iron pnictides
journal, January 2014

Spin Fluctuations and Unconventional Superconductivity in the Fe-Based Oxypnictide Superconductor LaFeAsO _0.7 Probed by ⁵⁷ Fe-NMR
journal, January 2009

Time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconductivity in Sr2RuO4
journal, August 1998

Symmetry of superconducting states with two orbitals on a tetragonal lattice: Application to ${LaFeAsO}_{1 - x} F_{x}$
journal, August 2008

Unconventional s-Wave Superconductivity in Fe(Se,Te)
journal, April 2010

Correlation-Enhanced Odd-Parity Interorbital Singlet Pairing in the Iron-Pnictide Superconductor LiFeAs
journal, September 2016

Spin-triplet superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 identified by 17O Knight shift
journal, December 1998

Limits on the Superconducting Order Parameter in NdFeAsO _{1- x} F _y from Scanning SQUID Microscopy
journal, January 2009

Observation of the Josephson Effect in $Pb / {Ba}_{1 - x} K_{x} {Fe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ Single Crystal Junctions
journal, April 2009

Superfluidity ${in}^{3}$ He: Discovery and understanding
journal, July 1997

Electronic origin of high-temperature superconductivity in single-layer FeSe superconductor
journal, January 2012

Evidence for superconducting gap nodes in the zone-centered hole bands of ${KFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ from magnetic penetration-depth measurements
journal, July 2010

Possible nodal superconducting gap and Lifshitz transition in heavily hole-doped Ba $_{0.1}$ K $_{0.9}$ Fe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$
journal, December 2013

The superconductivity of ${Sr}_{2} {RuO}_{4}$ and the physics of spin-triplet pairing
journal, May 2003

Pairing symmetry and properties of iron-based high-temperature superconductors
journal, March 2009

Octet-Line Node Structure of Superconducting Order Parameter in KFe2As2
journal, September 2012

Orbital coupling and superconductivity in the iron pnictides
journal, June 2009

Minimal two-band model of the superconducting iron oxypnictides
journal, June 2008