Particle acceleration and plasma dynamics during magnetic reconnection in the magnetically dominated regime
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is thought to be the driver for many explosive phenomena in the universe. The energy release and particle acceleration during reconnection have been proposed as a mechanism for producing high-energy emissions and cosmic rays. We carry out two- and three-dimensional (3D) kinetic simulations to investigate relativistic magnetic reconnection and the associated particle acceleration. The simulations focus on electron–positron plasmas starting with a magnetically dominated, force-free current sheet (σ ≡ B2 / (4πnemec2) >> 1). For this limit, we demonstrate that relativistic reconnection is highly efficient at accelerating particles through a first-order Fermi process accomplished by the curvature drift of particles along the electric field induced by the relativistic flows. This mechanism gives rise to the formation of hard power-law spectra f α (γ - 1)-p and approaches p = 1 for sufficiently large σ and system size. Eventually most of the available magnetic free energy is converted into nonthermal particle kinetic energy. An analytic model is presented to explain the key results and predict a general condition for the formation of power-law distributions. The development of reconnection in these regimes leads to relativistic inflow and outflow speeds and enhanced reconnection rates relative to nonrelativistic regimes. In the 3Dmore »
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1240428
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-14-29249
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 806; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; acceleration of particles; magnetic reconnection; relativistic process; gamma-ray bursts: general; galaxies: jets; pulsars: general
Citation Formats
Guo, Fan, Liu, Yi -Hsin, Daughton, William, and Li, Hui. Particle acceleration and plasma dynamics during magnetic reconnection in the magnetically dominated regime. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/167.
Guo, Fan, Liu, Yi -Hsin, Daughton, William, & Li, Hui. Particle acceleration and plasma dynamics during magnetic reconnection in the magnetically dominated regime. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/167
Guo, Fan, Liu, Yi -Hsin, Daughton, William, and Li, Hui. Wed .
"Particle acceleration and plasma dynamics during magnetic reconnection in the magnetically dominated regime". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/167. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1240428.
@article{osti_1240428,
title = {Particle acceleration and plasma dynamics during magnetic reconnection in the magnetically dominated regime},
author = {Guo, Fan and Liu, Yi -Hsin and Daughton, William and Li, Hui},
abstractNote = {Magnetic reconnection is thought to be the driver for many explosive phenomena in the universe. The energy release and particle acceleration during reconnection have been proposed as a mechanism for producing high-energy emissions and cosmic rays. We carry out two- and three-dimensional (3D) kinetic simulations to investigate relativistic magnetic reconnection and the associated particle acceleration. The simulations focus on electron–positron plasmas starting with a magnetically dominated, force-free current sheet (σ ≡ B2 / (4πnemec2) >> 1). For this limit, we demonstrate that relativistic reconnection is highly efficient at accelerating particles through a first-order Fermi process accomplished by the curvature drift of particles along the electric field induced by the relativistic flows. This mechanism gives rise to the formation of hard power-law spectra f α (γ - 1)-p and approaches p = 1 for sufficiently large σ and system size. Eventually most of the available magnetic free energy is converted into nonthermal particle kinetic energy. An analytic model is presented to explain the key results and predict a general condition for the formation of power-law distributions. The development of reconnection in these regimes leads to relativistic inflow and outflow speeds and enhanced reconnection rates relative to nonrelativistic regimes. In the 3D simulation, the interplay between secondary kink and tearing instabilities leads to strong magnetic turbulence, but does not significantly change the energy conversion, reconnection rate, or particle acceleration. This paper suggests that relativistic reconnection sites are strong sources of nonthermal particles, which may have important implications for a variety of high-energy astrophysical problems.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/167},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 806,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 17 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Wed Jun 17 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Web of Science
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- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 1
Interpreting Crab Nebula’s synchrotron spectrum: two acceleration mechanisms
journal, August 2019
- Lyutikov, Maxim; Temim, Tea; Komissarov, Sergey
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 2
Statistical analysis on X-ray flares from the nucleus and HST-1 knot in the M87 jet
journal, August 2019
- Yang, Shenbang; Yan, Dahai; Dai, Benzhong
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 2
Interplasmoid Compton scattering and the Compton dominance of BL Lacs
journal, December 2019
- Christie, I. M.; Petropoulou, M.; Sironi, L.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 1
Sources of solar energetic particles
journal, May 2019
- Vlahos, Loukas; Anastasiadis, Anastasios; Papaioannou, Athanasios
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 377, Issue 2148
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray production by turbulence in gamma-ray burst jets and cosmogenic neutrinos
journal, July 2016
- Asano, Katsuaki; Mészáros, Peter
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 2
Particle Acceleration and Fractional Transport in Turbulent Reconnection
journal, October 2017
- Isliker, Heinz; Pisokas, Theophilos; Vlahos, Loukas
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 849, Issue 1
The Properties of Reconnection Current Sheets in GRMHD Simulations of Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows
journal, February 2018
- Ball, David; Özel, Feryal; Psaltis, Dimitrios
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 853, Issue 2
The Roles of Fluid Compression and Shear in Electron Energization during Magnetic Reconnection
journal, March 2018
- Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2
Particle Acceleration Due to Cosmic-ray Viscosity and Fluid Shear in Astrophysical Jets
journal, March 2018
- Webb, G. M.; Barghouty, A. F.; Hu, Q.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 1
Two-stage Electron Acceleration by 3D Collisionless Guide-field Magnetic Reconnection
journal, September 2018
- Muñoz, P. A.; Büchner, J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 1
Betatron Cooling of Suprathermal Electrons in the Terrestrial Magnetotail
journal, October 2018
- Liu, C. M.; Liu, Y. Y.; Xu, Y.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 2
Large-scale Compression Acceleration during Magnetic Reconnection in a Low- β Plasma
journal, October 2018
- Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1
Plasma Energization in Colliding Magnetic Flux Ropes
journal, October 2018
- Du, Senbei; Guo, Fan; Zank, Gary P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
Prompt Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts from the Wind of Newborn Millisecond Magnetars: A Case Study of GRB 160804A
journal, October 2018
- Xiao, Di; Peng, Zong-kai; Zhang, Bin-Bin
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
The Dynamical Behavior of Reconnection-driven Termination Shocks in Solar Flares: Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
journal, December 2018
- Shen, Chengcai; Kong, Xiangliang; Guo, Fan
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
Particle Acceleration at 5 au Associated with Turbulence and Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes
journal, February 2019
- Zhao, L. -L.; Zank, G. P.; Chen, Y.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1
The Role of Magnetic Reconnection–associated Processes in Local Particle Acceleration in the Solar Wind
journal, March 2019
- Adhikari, L.; Khabarova, O.; Zank, G. P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1
Effects of Synchrotron Cooling and Pair Production on Collisionless Relativistic Reconnection
journal, May 2019
- Hakobyan, Hayk; Philippov, Alexander; Spitkovsky, Anatoly
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 1
Particle Acceleration in Kinetic Simulations of Nonrelativistic Magnetic Reconnection with Different Ion–Electron Mass Ratios
journal, June 2019
- Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 1
Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Electron–Positron–Proton Plasmas: Implications for Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, July 2019
- Petropoulou, Maria; Sironi, Lorenzo; Spitkovsky, Anatoly
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
Current Sheets, Magnetic Islands, and Associated Particle Acceleration in the Solar Wind as Observed by Ulysses near the Ecliptic Plane
journal, August 2019
- Malandraki, Olga; Khabarova, Olga; Bruno, Roberto
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
Relativistic Tearing Mode in Pair Plasmas and Application to Magnetic Giant Flares
journal, July 2019
- Yang, S. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
Exploring the Origin of Multiwavelength Activities of High-redshift Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 1502+106 during 2014–2018
journal, August 2019
- Ding, N.; Gu, Q. S.; Geng, X. F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
Particle Acceleration by Cosmic Ray Viscosity in Radio-jet Shear Flows
journal, August 2019
- Webb, G. M.; Al-Nussirat, S.; Mostafavi, P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
Particle Acceleration and Heating in Regions of Magnetic Flux Emergence
journal, September 2019
- Isliker, H.; Archontis, V.; Vlahos, L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1
Formation of Power-law Electron Energy Spectra in Three-dimensional Low- β Magnetic Reconnection
journal, October 2019
- Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2
The Interplay of Magnetically Dominated Turbulence and Magnetic Reconnection in Producing Nonthermal Particles
journal, November 2019
- Comisso, Luca; Sironi, Lorenzo
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2
Large-amplitude Blazar Polarization Angle Swing as a Signature of Magnetic Reconnection
journal, August 2018
- Zhang, Haocheng; Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2
Fast Ion Heating in Transient Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection via an Intrinsic Stochastic Mechanism
journal, November 2018
- Yoon, Young Dae; Bellan, Paul M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 2
Super-efficient Electron Acceleration by an Isolated Magnetic Reconnection
journal, January 2019
- Fu, H. S.; Xu, Y.; Vaivads, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
Determining the Dominant Acceleration Mechanism during Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Large-scale Systems
journal, July 2019
- Guo, Fan; Li, Xiaocan; Daughton, William
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 2
Relationship between Current Filaments and Turbulence During a Turbulent Reconnection
journal, January 2020
- Chen, Z. Z.; Wang, T. Y.; Yu, Y.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 888, Issue 2
Stochastic Acceleration Model of Gamma-Ray Burst with Decaying Turbulence
text, January 2015
- Asano, Katsuaki; Terasawa, Toshio
- arXiv
Particle Acceleration during Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-beta Pair Plasma
text, January 2016
- Guo, Fan; Li, Hui; Daughton, William
- arXiv
Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Ray Production by Turbulence in Gamma-Ray Burst Jets and Cosmogenic Neutrinos
text, January 2016
- Asano, Katsuaki; Meszaros, Peter
- arXiv
Why does steady-state magnetic reconnection have a maximum local rate of order 0.1?
text, January 2016
- Liu, Yi-Hsin; Hesse, M.; Guo, F.
- arXiv
Two-stage electron acceleration by 3D collisionless guide field magnetic reconnection
text, January 2017
- Muñoz, P. A.; Büchner, J.
- arXiv
Physics of the saturation of particle acceleration in relativistic magnetic reconnection
text, January 2017
- Kagan, Daniel; Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi
- arXiv
Marginally fast cooling synchrotron models for prompt GRBs
text, January 2018
- Beniamini, Paz; Duran, Rodolfo Barniol; Giannios, Dimitrios
- arXiv
Large-Amplitude Blazar Polarization Angle Swing as a Signature of Magnetic Reconnection
text, January 2018
- Zhang, Haocheng; Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan
- arXiv
Particle Acceleration and Heating in a Turbulent Solar Corona
text, January 2018
- Vlahos, Loukas; Isliker, Heinz
- arXiv
Interpreting Crab Nebula synchrotron spectrum: two acceleration mechanisms
text, January 2018
- Lyutikov, Maxim; Temim, Tea; Komissarov, Sergey
- arXiv
Spectral Energy Distribution of the inner accretion flow around Sgr A* -- Clue for a weak outflow in the innermost region
text, January 2018
- Ma, Ren-Yi; Roberts, Shawn R.; Li, Ya-Ping
- arXiv
Particle acceleration in kinetic simulations of non-relativistic magnetic reconnection with different ion-electron mass ratio
text, January 2019
- Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui
- arXiv
Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Electron-Positron-Proton Plasmas: Implications for Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
text, January 2019
- Petropoulou, Maria; Sironi, Lorenzo; Spitkovsky, Anatoly
- arXiv
Inter-Plasmoid Compton Scattering and the Compton Dominance of BL Lacs
text, January 2019
- Christie, I. M.; Petropoulou, M.; Sironi, L.
- arXiv
Statistical analysis on X-ray flares from the nucleus and HST-1 knot in the M87 jet
text, January 2019
- Yang, Shenbang; Yan, Dahai; Dai, Benzhong
- arXiv
3D Turbulent Reconnection: Theory, Tests and Astrophysical Implications
text, January 2020
- Lazarian, Alex; Eyink, Gregory L.; Jafari, Amir
- arXiv