Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration
Abstract
The cost, size and availability of electron accelerators are dominated by the achievable accelerating gradient. Conventional high-brightness radio-frequency accelerating structures operate with 30–50 MeVm-1 gradients. Electron accelerators driven with optical or infrared sources have demonstrated accelerating gradients orders of magnitude above that achievable with conventional radio-frequency structures. However, laser-driven wakefield accelerators require intense femtosecond sources and direct laser-driven accelerators suffer from low bunch charge, sub-micron tolerances and sub-femtosecond timing requirements due to the short wavelength of operation. Here we demonstrate linear acceleration of electrons with keV energy gain using optically generated terahertz pulses. Terahertz-driven accelerating structures enable high-gradient electron/proton accelerators with simple accelerating structures, high repetition rates and significant charge per bunch. As a result, these ultra-compact terahertz accelerators with extremely short electron bunches hold great potential to have a transformative impact for free electron lasers, linear colliders, ultrafast electron diffraction, X-ray science and medical therapy with X-rays and electron beams.
- Authors:
-
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg (Germany); German Electron Synchrotron, Hamburg (Germany)
- Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada)
- German Electron Synchrotron, Hamburg (Germany); Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada); Max Planck Inst. for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg (Germany); German Electron Synchrotron, Hamburg (Germany); Univ. of Hamburg, Hamburg (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1239324
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-08ER41532
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Communications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; physical sciences; optical physics; fluids and plasma physics
Citation Formats
Nanni, Emilio A., Huang, Wenqian R., Hong, Kyung-Han, Ravi, Koustuban, Fallahi, Arya, Moriena, Gustavo, Dwayne Miller, R. J., and Kärtner, Franz X. Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1038/ncomms9486.
Nanni, Emilio A., Huang, Wenqian R., Hong, Kyung-Han, Ravi, Koustuban, Fallahi, Arya, Moriena, Gustavo, Dwayne Miller, R. J., & Kärtner, Franz X. Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9486
Nanni, Emilio A., Huang, Wenqian R., Hong, Kyung-Han, Ravi, Koustuban, Fallahi, Arya, Moriena, Gustavo, Dwayne Miller, R. J., and Kärtner, Franz X. Tue .
"Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9486. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1239324.
@article{osti_1239324,
title = {Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration},
author = {Nanni, Emilio A. and Huang, Wenqian R. and Hong, Kyung-Han and Ravi, Koustuban and Fallahi, Arya and Moriena, Gustavo and Dwayne Miller, R. J. and Kärtner, Franz X.},
abstractNote = {The cost, size and availability of electron accelerators are dominated by the achievable accelerating gradient. Conventional high-brightness radio-frequency accelerating structures operate with 30–50 MeVm-1 gradients. Electron accelerators driven with optical or infrared sources have demonstrated accelerating gradients orders of magnitude above that achievable with conventional radio-frequency structures. However, laser-driven wakefield accelerators require intense femtosecond sources and direct laser-driven accelerators suffer from low bunch charge, sub-micron tolerances and sub-femtosecond timing requirements due to the short wavelength of operation. Here we demonstrate linear acceleration of electrons with keV energy gain using optically generated terahertz pulses. Terahertz-driven accelerating structures enable high-gradient electron/proton accelerators with simple accelerating structures, high repetition rates and significant charge per bunch. As a result, these ultra-compact terahertz accelerators with extremely short electron bunches hold great potential to have a transformative impact for free electron lasers, linear colliders, ultrafast electron diffraction, X-ray science and medical therapy with X-rays and electron beams.},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms9486},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = ,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Tue Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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Figure 1: Terahertz-driven linear accelerator. (a) Schematic of the THz LINAC. Top right: a linearly polarized THz pulse is converted into a radially polarized pulse by a segmented waveplate before being focused into the THz waveguide. The THz pulse is reflected at the end of the waveguide to co-propagate withmore »
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Tilted-pulse-front excitation of strong quasistatic precursors
journal, January 2019
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Highly enhanced terahertz conversion by two-color laser filamentation at low gas pressures
journal, January 2019
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Gouy phase shift of a tightly focused, radially polarized beam
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- Optica, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Temperature dependent refractive index and absorption coefficient of congruent lithium niobate crystals in the terahertz range
text, January 2015
- Wu, Xiaojun; Zhou, Chun; Huang, Wenqian Ronny
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Toward a terahertz-driven electron gun
text, January 2015
- Huang, W. Ronny; Nanni, Emilio A.; Ravi, Koustuban
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Optical generation of single-cycle 10 MW peak power 100 GHz waves
text, January 2016
- Wu, Xiaojun; Calendron, Anne-Laure; Ravi, Koustuban
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Short electron bunch generation using single-cycle ultrafast electron guns
text, January 2016
- Fallahi, Arya; Fakhari, Moein; Yahaghi, Alireza
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Terahertz-driven, all-optical electron gun
text, January 2016
- Huang, Wenqian; Fallahi, Arya; Wu, Xiaojun
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Sub-keV Electron Gun Driven by Ultrafast THz Pulses
text, January 2016
- Huang, W. Ronny; Fallahi, Arya; Wu, Xiaojun
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Mapping few-femtosecond slices of ultra-relativistic electron bunches
text, January 2017
- Plath, Tim; Lechner, Christoph; Miltchev, Velizar
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Conceptual and Technical Design Aspects of Accelerators for External Injection in LWFA
text, January 2018
- Marchetti, Barbara; Assmann, Ralph; Dorda, Ulrich
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Simultaneous generation and compression of broadband terahertz pulses in aperiodically poled crystals
text, January 2019
- Ravi, Koustuban; Kärtner, Franz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Frequency-comb-based laser system producing stable optical beat pulses with picosecond durations suitable for high-precision multi-cycle terahertz-wave generation and rapid detection
text, January 2019
- Schimpf, D. N.; Olgun, H. T.; Kalaydzhyan, A.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Femtosecond phase control in high-field terahertz-driven ultrafast electron sources
text, January 2019
- Zhang, Dongfang; Fallahi, Arya; Hemmer, Michael
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
On the effect of third-order dispersion on phase-matched terahertz generation via interfering chirped pulses
text, January 2019
- Jolly, Spencer W.; Ahr, Frederike; Ravi, Koustuban
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Symmetry-controlled temporal structure of high-harmonic carrier fields from a bulk crystal
text, January 2017
- Langer, Fabian; Hohenleutner, Matthias; Huttner, U.
- Universität Regensburg
Symmetry-controlled temporal structure of high-harmonic carrier fields from a bulk crystal
journal, March 2017
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Toward a terahertz-driven electron gun
journal, October 2015
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Subcycle Extreme Nonlinearities in GaP Induced by an Ultrastrong Terahertz Field
journal, February 2017
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Sub-keV Electron Gun Driven by Ultrafast THz Pulses
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Simultaneous generation and compression of broadband terahertz pulses in aperiodically poled crystals
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- Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 5
Multi-MV/cm longitudinally polarized terahertz pulses from laser–thin foil interaction
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- Optica, Vol. 5, Issue 11
Fiber laser-driven gas plasma-based generation of THz radiation with 50-mW average power
text, January 2019
- Buldt, Joachim; Mueller, Michael; Stark, Henning
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, GSI, Darmstadt
Laser‐driven strong‐field Terahertz sources
text, January 2019
- Fülöp, József András; Tzortzakis, Stelios; Kampfrath, Tobias
- Freie Universität Berlin
Cascaded Interactions Mediated by terahertz radiation
text, January 2018
- Hemmer, Michael; Cirmi, G.; Ravi, K.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
High efficiency terahertz generation in a multi-stage system
text, January 2018
- Wang, Lu; Fallahi, Arya; Ravi, Koustuban
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Simulation of a Concept for a Compact Ultrafast X-ray Pulse Source Based on RF and THz Technologies
text, January 2019
- Vinatier, T.; Assmann, R. W.; Dorda, U.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
High-energy terahertz pulses from semiconductors pumped beyond the three-photon absorption edge
text, January 2016
- Hebling, J.; Rohwer, Egmont Johann; Gäumann, Gregory
- Optical Society of America
Segmented terahertz electron accelerator and manipulator (STEAM)
journal, April 2018
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- Nature Photonics, Vol. 12, Issue 6
Cascaded parametric amplification for highly efficient terahertz generation
text, January 2016
- Ravi, Koustuban; Hemmer, Michael; Cirmi, Giovanni
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Pulse sequences for efficient multi-cycle terahertz generation in periodically poled lithium niobate
text, January 2016
- Ravi, Koustuban; Barre, Damian; Kärtner, Franz X.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
THz cavities and injectors for compact electron acceleration using laser-driven THz sources
text, January 2017
- Fakhari, Moein; Fallahi, Arya; Kärtner, Franz X.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Analysis of terahertz generation using tilted pulse fronts
text, January 2019
- Ravi, Koustuban; Kärtner, Franz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Lightwave-driven quasiparticle collisions on a subcycle timescale
text, January 2016
- Langer, Fabian; Hohenleutner, Matthias; Schmid, Christoph P.
- Universität Regensburg
Symmetry-controlled temporal structure of high-harmonic carrier fields from a bulk crystal
text, January 2017
- Langer, Fabian; Hohenleutner, Matthias; Huttner, U.
- Universität Regensburg
Terahertz-driven, sub-keV electron gun
text, January 2016
- Huang, W. R.; Fallahi, Arya; Wu, Xiaojun
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Simultaneous generation and compression of broadband terahertz pulses in aperiodically poled crystals
text, January 2018
- Ravi, Koustuban; Kärtner, Franz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Analysis of terahertz generation using tilted-pulse-fronts
text, January 2019
- Ravi, Koustuban; Kärtner, Franz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Analysis of terahertz generation by beamlet superpostion
text, January 2019
- Ravi, Koustuban; Kärtner, Franz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Cascaded Parametric Amplification for Highly Efficient Terahertz Generation
text, January 2016
- Ravi, Koustuban; Hemmer, Michael; Cirmi, Giovanni
- arXiv
Terahertz-driven, all-optical electron gun
text, January 2016
- Huang, W. Ronny; Fallahi, Arya; Wu, Xiaojun
- arXiv
Pulse Sequences for Efficient Multi-Cycle Terahertz Generation in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate
text, January 2016
- Ravi, Koustuban; Schimpf, Damian N.; Kärtner, Franz X.
- arXiv
THz-Frequency Spin-Hall Auto-Oscillator Based on a Canted Antiferromagnet
text, January 2017
- Sulymenko, O. R.; Prokopenko, O. V.; Tiberkevich, V. S.
- arXiv
Spectral Phase Control of Interfering Chirped Pulses for High-Energy Narrowband Terahertz Generation
text, January 2018
- Jolly, Spencer W.; Matlis, Nicholas H.; Ahr, Frederike
- arXiv
Analysis of terahertz generation using tilted-pulse-fronts
text, January 2018
- Ravi, Koustuban; Kärtner, Franz X.
- arXiv
Terahertz-induced cascaded interactions between spectra offset by large frequencies
text, January 2019
- Ravi, Koustuban; Kärtner, Franz X.
- arXiv
Femtosecond compression dynamics and timing jitter suppression in a terahertz-driven electron bunch compressor
text, January 2019
- Snively, E. C.; Othman, M. A. K.; Kozina, M.
- arXiv
Ab Initio calculation of field emission from metal surfaces with atomic--scale defects
text, January 2019
- Toijala, Heikki; Eimre, Kristjan; Kyritsakis, Andreas
- arXiv
Demonstration of sub-luminal propagation of single-cycle terahertz pulses for particle acceleration
journal, September 2017
- Walsh, D. A.; Lake, D. S.; Snedden, E. W.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Spectral phase control of interfering chirped pulses for high-energy narrowband terahertz generation
journal, June 2019
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Observation of extremely efficient terahertz generation from mid-infrared two-color laser filaments
journal, January 2020
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Resonant plasma excitation by single-cycle THz pulses
journal, January 2018
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Water-Window X-Ray Pulses from a Laser-Plasma Driven Undulator
journal, March 2020
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Multimillijoule coherent terahertz bursts from picosecond laser-irradiated metal foils
journal, February 2019
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- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 10
AXSIS: Exploring the frontiers in attosecond X-ray science, imaging and spectroscopy
text, January 2016
- Kaertner, Franz; Ahr, F.; Calendron, A. -L.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Mapping few-femtosecond slices of ultra-relativistic electron bunches
text, January 2017
- Plath, Tim; Lechner, Christoph; Miltchev, Velizar
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Antiferromagnetic THz-frequency Josephson-like Oscillator Driven by Spin Current
preprint, January 2016
- Khymyn, Roman; Lisenkov, Ivan; Tiberkevich, Vasyl
- arXiv
Segmented Terahertz Electron Accelerator and Manipulator (STEAM)
text, January 2017
- Zhang, Dongfang; Fallahi, Arya; Hemmer, Michael
- arXiv
Fiber laser-driven gas plasma-based generation of THz radiation with 50-mW average power
text, January 2021
- Buldt, Joachim; Müller, Michael; Stark, Henning
- arXiv
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