Ethanol and High-Value Terpene Co-Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii
Abstract
Cymbopogon flexuosus, lemongrass, and C. martinii, palmarosa, are perennial grasses grown to produce essential oils for the fragrance industry. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate biomass and oil yields as a function of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization, and (2) to characterize their utility for lignocellulosic ethanol compared to Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). Mean biomass yields were 12.83 Mg lemongrass ha-1 and 15.11 Mg palmarosa ha-1 during the second harvest year resulting in theoretical biofuel yields of 2541 and 2569 L ethanol ha-1 respectively compared to reported 1749 3691 L ethanol ha-1 for switchgrass. Pretreated lemongrass yielded 198 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1 and pretreated palmarosa yielded 170 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1. Additionally, lemongrass yielded 85.7 kg essential oil ha-1 and palmarosa yielded 67.0 kg ha-1 with an estimated value of USD 857 and 1005 ha-1. In conclusion, these data suggest that dual-use crops such as lemongrass and palmarosa may increase the economic viability of lignocellulosic biofuels. Introduction
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Dalhousie Univ., Truro, NS (Canada)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1225969
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1327740
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5100-65345
Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308; AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- PLoS ONE
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 10; Related Information: PLoS One; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 09 BIOMASS FUELS; ethanol; fermentation; biofuels; fertilizers; oils; sulfur; lignin; terpenes; 58 GEOSCIENCES; Cymbopogon flexuosus; Cymbopogon martinii; terpene; lignocellulosic; biomass; bioethanol
Citation Formats
Joyce, Blake L., Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Sykes, Robert, Cantrell, Charles L., Hamilton, Choo, Mann, David G. J., Rodriguez, Miguel, Mielenz, Jonathan R., Astatkie, Tess, and C. Neal Stewart Jr. Ethanol and High-Value Terpene Co-Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139195.
Joyce, Blake L., Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Sykes, Robert, Cantrell, Charles L., Hamilton, Choo, Mann, David G. J., Rodriguez, Miguel, Mielenz, Jonathan R., Astatkie, Tess, & C. Neal Stewart Jr. Ethanol and High-Value Terpene Co-Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139195
Joyce, Blake L., Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Sykes, Robert, Cantrell, Charles L., Hamilton, Choo, Mann, David G. J., Rodriguez, Miguel, Mielenz, Jonathan R., Astatkie, Tess, and C. Neal Stewart Jr. Mon .
"Ethanol and High-Value Terpene Co-Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139195. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1225969.
@article{osti_1225969,
title = {Ethanol and High-Value Terpene Co-Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii},
author = {Joyce, Blake L. and Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. and Sykes, Robert and Cantrell, Charles L. and Hamilton, Choo and Mann, David G. J. and Rodriguez, Miguel and Mielenz, Jonathan R. and Astatkie, Tess and C. Neal Stewart Jr.},
abstractNote = {Cymbopogon flexuosus, lemongrass, and C. martinii, palmarosa, are perennial grasses grown to produce essential oils for the fragrance industry. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate biomass and oil yields as a function of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization, and (2) to characterize their utility for lignocellulosic ethanol compared to Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). Mean biomass yields were 12.83 Mg lemongrass ha-1 and 15.11 Mg palmarosa ha-1 during the second harvest year resulting in theoretical biofuel yields of 2541 and 2569 L ethanol ha-1 respectively compared to reported 1749 3691 L ethanol ha-1 for switchgrass. Pretreated lemongrass yielded 198 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1 and pretreated palmarosa yielded 170 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1. Additionally, lemongrass yielded 85.7 kg essential oil ha-1 and palmarosa yielded 67.0 kg ha-1 with an estimated value of USD 857 and 1005 ha-1. In conclusion, these data suggest that dual-use crops such as lemongrass and palmarosa may increase the economic viability of lignocellulosic biofuels. Introduction},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0139195},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = 10,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 05 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Oct 05 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Nitrogen Fertilization of Palmarosa in Continuous Cropping
journal, September 1997
- Ram, Muni; Patra, D. D.; Kumar, Sushil
- Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Effect of Plant Spacing and Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Herb and Oil Yields of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats. var. I cauvery)
journal, October 1996
- Singh, M.; Shivaraj, B.; Sridhara, S.
- Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Vol. 177, Issue 2
Biomass and essential oil yields of rainfed palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.) supplied with different levels of organic manure and fertilizer nitrogen in semi-arid tropical climate
journal, November 2001
- Rao, B. R. Rajeswara
- Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 14, Issue 3
Essential Oil Biosynthesis and Regulation in the Genus Cymbopogon
journal, January 2010
- Ganjewala, Deepak; Luthra, Rajesh
- Natural Product Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Content, Composition, and Bioactivity of the Essential Oils of Three Basil Genotypes as a Function of Harvesting
journal, January 2008
- Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Tekwani, Babu
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 2
Effect of Leaf Position and Age on the Essential Oil Quantity and Quality in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) 1
journal, June 1989
- Singh, Neelam; Luthra, Rajesh; Sangwan, Rajender
- Planta Medica, Vol. 55, Issue 03
Genetic manipulation of lignin reduces recalcitrance and improves ethanol production from switchgrass
journal, February 2011
- Fu, Chunxiang; Mielenz, Jonathan R.; Xiao, Xirong
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 9, p. 3803-3808
Essential Oil Profiles of Different Parts of Palmarosa ( Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.)
journal, November 2009
- Rajeswara Rao, B. R.; Rajput, D. K.; Patel, R. P.
- Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 21, Issue 6
Temporal and Spatial Variation in Switchgrass Biomass Composition and Theoretical Ethanol Yield
journal, January 2012
- Schmer, M. R.; Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.
- Agronomy Journal, Vol. 104, Issue 1
Long-term studies on yield, quality and soil fertility of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon fiexuosus ) in relation to nitrogen application
journal, January 2001
- Munnu Singh, M. S.
- The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, Vol. 76, Issue 2
The Oil Content and Composition of New Variants of Cymbopogon flexuosus
journal, September 1992
- Kulkarni, Raghavendra N.; Mallavarapu, Gopal R.; Ramesh, Srinivasaiyer
- Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 4, Issue 5
Lemongrass Productivity, Oil Content, and Composition as a Function of Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Harvest Time
journal, May 2011
- Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Astatkie, Tess
- Agronomy Journal, Vol. 103, Issue 3
Genetic manipulation of lignin reduces recalcitrance and improves ethanol production from switchgrass
journal, February 2011
- Fu, Chunxiang; Mielenz, Jonathan R.; Xiao, Xirong
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 9, p. 3803-3808
Studies on the Morphological Characters and Yields of Oil and Citral of Certain Lemongrass [ Cymbopogon Flexuosus (Steud) Wats] Accessions Grown Under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Northeast India
journal, January 2005
- Sarma, Aniruddha; Sarma, Tarun Ch.
- Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Vol. 8, Issue 3
The Ideal Vegetable Oil-based Biodiesel Composition: A Review of Social, Economical and Technical Implications
journal, May 2009
- Pinzi, S.; Garcia, I. L.; Lopez-Gimenez, F. J.
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 23, Issue 5
Biomass Production in Switchgrass across the United States: Database Description and Determinants of Yield
journal, January 2010
- Wullschleger, S. D.; Davis, E. B.; Borsuk, M. E.
- Agronomy Journal, Vol. 102, Issue 4
Influence of irrigation and nitrogen on herbage and oil yield of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) under semi-arid tropical conditions
journal, March 2001
- Singh, M.; Sharma, S.
- European Journal of Agronomy, Vol. 14, Issue 2
Effect ofCymbopogon citratus L. essential oil on growth and morphogenesis ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae ML2-strain
journal, October 2006
- Helal, G. A.; Sarhan, M. M.; Abu Shahla, A. N. K.
- Journal of Basic Microbiology, Vol. 46, Issue 5
Feedstocks for the Future - Biorefinery Production of Chemicals from Renewable Carbon
journal, August 2008
- Bozell, Joseph J.
- CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, Vol. 36, Issue 8
Xylans inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials by cellulases
journal, October 2012
- Zhang, Junhua; Tang, Ming; Viikari, Liisa
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 121
Antimicrobial action of palmarosa oil (Cymbopogon martinii) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, July 2003
- Prashar, Anjali; Hili, Pauline; Veness, Robert G.
- Phytochemistry, Vol. 63, Issue 5
Effect ofCymbopogon citratus L. essential oil on growth and morphogenesis ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae ML2-strain
journal, October 2006
- Helal, G. A.; Sarhan, M. M.; Abu Shahla, A. N. K.
- Journal of Basic Microbiology, Vol. 46, Issue 5
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on herbage, oil yield and water use of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) on alfisols
journal, March 1999
- Singh, M.
- The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 132, Issue 2
Studies on the Essential Oil Bearing Plants of Bangladesh. Part IV. Composition of the Leaf Oil of Three Cymbopogon species: C. flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats., C. nardus (L.) Rendle var. confertiflorus (Steud.) N. L. Bor and C. martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. martinii
journal, May 1998
- Chowdhury, Jasim Uddin; Yusuf, Mohammed; Begum, Jaripa
- Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 10, Issue 3
Peppermint Productivity and Oil Composition as a Function of Nitrogen, Growth Stage, and Harvest Time
journal, January 2010
- Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Astatkie, Tess
- Agronomy Journal, Vol. 102, Issue 1
Lemongrass Productivity, Oil Content, and Composition as a Function of Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Harvest Time
journal, May 2011
- Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Astatkie, Tess
- Agronomy Journal, Vol. 103, Issue 3
Feedstocks for the Future - Biorefinery Production of Chemicals from Renewable Carbon
journal, August 2008
- Bozell, Joseph J.
- CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, Vol. 36, Issue 8
Advanced biofuel production in microbes
journal, January 2010
- Peralta-Yahya, Pamela P.; Keasling, Jay D.
- Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 2, p. 147-162
Chemical profiles of primary and secondary essential oils of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats var. motia Burk.)
journal, January 2005
- Rao, B. R. Rajeswara; Kaul, P. N.; Syamasundar, K. V.
- Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 21, Issue 1
A whole-genome snapshot of 454 sequences exposes the composition of the barley genome and provides evidence for parallel evolution of genome size in wheat and barley
journal, September 2009
- Wicker, Thomas; Taudien, Stefan; Houben, Andreas
- The Plant Journal, Vol. 59, Issue 5
Quantifying Actual and Theoretical Ethanol Yields for Switchgrass Strains Using NIRS Analyses
journal, August 2010
- Vogel, Kenneth P.; Dien, Bruce S.; Jung, Hans G.
- BioEnergy Research, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Effect of Leaf Position and Age on the Essential Oil Quantity and Quality in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) 1
journal, June 1989
- Singh, Neelam; Luthra, Rajesh; Sangwan, Rajender
- Planta Medica, Vol. 55, Issue 03
Hydrocarbons from plants: Analytical methods and observations
journal, November 1980
- Calvin, Melvin
- Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 67, Issue 11
Phenotypic recurrent selection for oil content in East Indian lemongrass
journal, January 1994
- Kulkarni, R. N.
- Euphytica, Vol. 78, Issue 1-2
Works referencing / citing this record:
The impact of Cymbopogon martinii essential oil on Cutibacterium ( formerly Propionibacterium ) acnes strains and its interaction with keratinocytes
journal, September 2018
- Murbach Teles Andrade, Bruna Fernanda; Nunes Barbosa, Lidiane; Bérgamo Alves, Fernanda Cristina
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol. 70, Issue 12
Gypsum and Coal-bed Methane Water Modify Growth Media Properties, Nutrient Uptake, and Essential Oil Profile of Lemongrass and Palmarosa
journal, May 2019
- Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Astatkie, Tess; Norton, Urszula
- Agronomy, Vol. 9, Issue 6