Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries

Darling, Robert M.; Gallagher, Kevin G.; Kowalski, Jeffrey A.; Ha, Seungbum; Brushett, Fikile R.

doi:10.1039/C4EE02158D

Title: Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries

Journal Article · Sat Nov 01 04:00:00 UTC 2014 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE02158D · OSTI ID:1214394

Darling, Robert M. ^[1]; Gallagher, Kevin G. ^[2]; Kowalski, Jeffrey A. ^[3]; Ha, Seungbum ^[2]; Brushett, Fikile R. ^[4]

Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Chemical Sciences and Engineering Div.
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States) (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering

Energy storage is increasingly seen as a valuable asset for electricity grids composed of high fractions of intermittent sources, such as wind power or, in developing economies, unreliable generation and transmission services. However, the potential of batteries to meet the stringent cost and durability requirements for grid applications is largely unquantified. We investigate electrochemical systems capable of economically storing energy for hours and present an analysis of the relationships among technological performance characteristics, component cost factors, and system price for established and conceptual aqueous and nonaqueous batteries. We identified potential advantages of nonaqueous flow batteries over those based on aqueous electrolytes; however, new challenging constraints burden the nonaqueous approach, including the solubility of the active material in the electrolyte. Requirements in harmony with economically effective energy storage are derived for aqueous and nonaqueous systems. The attributes of flow batteries are compared to those of aqueous and nonaqueous enclosed and hybrid (semi-flow) batteries. Flow batteries are a promising technology for reaching these challenging energy storage targets owing to their independent power and energy scaling, reliance on facile and reversible reactants, and potentially simpler manufacture as compared to established enclosed batteries such as lead–acid or lithium-ion.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1214394

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 7; ISSN EESNBY; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Asymmetric polyoxometalate electrolytes for advanced redox flow batteries Friedl, Jochen; Holland-Cunz, Matthäa V.; Cording, Faye Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00422f	journal	January 2018
An all-aqueous redox flow battery with unprecedented energy density Zhang, Jing; Jiang, Gaopeng; Xu, Pan Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00686e	journal	January 2018
Review of electrical energy storage technologies, materials and systems: challenges and prospects for large-scale grid storage Gür, Turgut M. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee01419a	journal	January 2018
High and intermediate temperature sodium–sulfur batteries for energy storage: development, challenges and perspectives Nikiforidis, Georgios; van de Sanden, M. C. M.; Tsampas, Michail N. RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08658c	journal	January 2019
Rechargeable organic–air redox flow batteries Leung, P.; Aili, D.; Xu, Q. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8se00205c	journal	January 2018
Substituted thiadiazoles as energy-rich anolytes for nonaqueous redox flow cells Huang, Jinhua; Duan, Wentao; Zhang, Jingjing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01059e	journal	January 2018
Heterometal functionalization yields improved energy density for charge carriers in nonaqueous redox flow batteries VanGelder, Lauren E.; Matson, Ellen M. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03312a	journal	January 2018
A cobalt sulfide cluster-based catholyte for aqueous flow battery applications Freeman, Matthew B.; Wang, Le; Jones, Daniel S. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05788e	journal	January 2018
Physicochemical implications of alkoxide “mixing” in polyoxovanadium clusters for nonaqueous energy storage VanGelder, Lauren E.; Schreiber, Eric; Matson, Ellen M. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta12306c	journal	January 2019
Emerging investigator series: capacitive deionization for selective removal of nitrate and perchlorate: impacts of ion selectivity and operating constraints on treatment costs Hand, Steven; Cusick, Roland D. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew01105f	journal	January 2020
Synthesis of polythiophene/graphite composites and their enhanced electrochemical performance for aluminum ion batteries Zhao, Shimeng; Chen, Haixia; Li, Jialin New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03626a	journal	January 2019
An all organic redox flow battery with high cell voltage Huo, Yongjie; Xing, Xueqi; Zhang, Cuijuan RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01514k	journal	January 2019
Methanesulfonic acid-based electrode-decoupled vanadium–cerium redox flow battery exhibits significantly improved capacity and cycle life Sankarasubramanian, Shrihari; Zhang, Yunzhu; Ramani, Vijay Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9se00286c	journal	January 2019
Different positive electrode materials in organic and aqueous systems for aluminium ion batteries Ru, Yue; Zheng, Shasha; Xue, Huaiguo Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01550g	journal	January 2019
Hydrogen/functionalized benzoquinone for a high-performance regenerative fuel cell as a potential large-scale energy storage platform Rubio-Garcia, Javier; Kucernak, Anthony; Parra-Puerto, Andres Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12396b	journal	January 2020
Progress in the Design of Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxides as Charge Carriers for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries VanGelder, Lauren E.; Cook, Timothy R.; Matson, Ellen M. Comments on Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/02603594.2019.1587612	journal	March 2019
Estimating the cost of organic battery active materials: a case study on anthraquinone disulfonic acid Dieterich, Vincent; Milshtein, Jarrod D.; Barton, John L. Translational Materials Research, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1613/aacb0e	journal	July 2018
Progress and directions in low-cost redox-flow batteries for large-scale energy storage Li, Bin; Liu, Jun National Science Review, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww098	journal	January 2017
Alkaline quinone flow battery Lin, K.; Chen, Q.; Gerhardt, M. R. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6255, p. 1529-1532 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3033	journal	September 2015
Measurement and Computer Simulation of Catholyte Stability in Vanadium Flow Batteries (VFBs) Buckley, D. Noel; Oboroceanu, Daniela; Quill, Nathan Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0091814jes	journal	January 2018
Optimization and Design of the Minimal Architecture Zinc-Bromine Battery Using Insight from a Levelized Cost of Storage Model Knehr, Kevin W.; Buline, Robert; Baldwin, Todd Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0151816jes	journal	January 2018
An Electrochemical Study on the Cathode of the Intermediate Temperature Tubular Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) Battery Nikiforidis, G.; Jongerden, G. J.; Jongerden, E. F. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0491902jes	journal	January 2019
Critical Review—Experimental Diagnostics and Material Characterization Techniques Used on Redox Flow Batteries Gandomi, Y. Ashraf; Aaron, D. S.; Houser, J. R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0601805jes	journal	January 2018
Exploring the Role of Electrode Microstructure on the Performance of Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries Forner-Cuenca, Antoni; Penn, Emily E.; Oliveira, Alexandra M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0611910jes	journal	January 2019
Analysis of Crossover-Induced Capacity Fade in Redox Flow Batteries with Non-Selective Separators Nemani, Venkat Pavan; Smith, Kyle C. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0701813jes	journal	January 2018
Impact of Corrosion Conditions on Carbon Paper Electrode Morphology and the Performance of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Nourani, Mahnaz; Zackin, Benjamin I.; Sabarirajan, Dinesh C. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1041902jes	journal	January 2019
Modeling of Ion Crossover in an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with the Interfacial Effect at Membrane/Electrode Interfaces Hao, Liang; Wang, Yuanhui; He, Yusong Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1061906jes	journal	January 2019
Evaluation of Electrospun Fibrous Mats Targeted for Use as Flow Battery Electrodes Liu, Selina; Kok, Matt; Kim, Yongwook Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1301709jes	journal	January 2017
Transport and Electron Transfer Kinetics of Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxide Clusters Kosswattaarachchi, Anjula M.; VanGelder, Lauren E.; Nachtigall, Olaf Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1351902jes	journal	January 2019
Redox Active Polymers for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: Validation of the Size-Exclusion Approach Montoto, Elena C.; Nagarjuna, Gavvalapalli; Moore, Jeffrey S. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1511707jes	journal	January 2017
Towards Production of a Highly Catalytic and Stable Graphene-Wrapped Graphite Felt Electrode for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Mousavihashemi, Seyedabolfazl; Murcia-López, Sebastián; Hosseini, Mir Batteries, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040063	journal	December 2018
A One-Dimensional Stack Model for Redox Flow Battery Analysis and Operation Barton, John L.; Brushett, Fikile R. Batteries, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010025	journal	February 2019
Initial Comparison of Lithium Battery and High-Temperature Thermal-Turbine Electricity Storage for 100% Wind and Solar Electricity Supply on Prince Edward Island Swingler, Andrew; Hall, Matthew Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123470	journal	December 2018
Consequences of ligand derivatization on the electronic properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters Schurr, Bradley E.; Nachtigall, Olaf; VanGelder, Lauren E. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7861775	text	January 2019
Consequences of ligand derivatization on the electronic properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters Schurr, Bradley E.; Nachtigall, Olaf; Vangelder, Lauren E. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7861775.v1	text	January 2019
Consequences of ligand derivatization on the electronic properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters Schurr, Bradley E.; Nachtigall, Olaf; VanGelder, Lauren E. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7861775.v2	text	January 2019

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