Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries
Abstract
Energy storage is increasingly seen as a valuable asset for electricity grids composed of high fractions of intermittent sources, such as wind power or, in developing economies, unreliable generation and transmission services. However, the potential of batteries to meet the stringent cost and durability requirements for grid applications is largely unquantified. We investigate electrochemical systems capable of economically storing energy for hours and present an analysis of the relationships among technological performance characteristics, component cost factors, and system price for established and conceptual aqueous and nonaqueous batteries. We identified potential advantages of nonaqueous flow batteries over those based on aqueous electrolytes; however, new challenging constraints burden the nonaqueous approach, including the solubility of the active material in the electrolyte. Requirements in harmony with economically effective energy storage are derived for aqueous and nonaqueous systems. The attributes of flow batteries are compared to those of aqueous and nonaqueous enclosed and hybrid (semi-flow) batteries. Flow batteries are a promising technology for reaching these challenging energy storage targets owing to their independent power and energy scaling, reliance on facile and reversible reactants, and potentially simpler manufacture as compared to established enclosed batteries such as lead–acid or lithium-ion.
- Authors:
-
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT (United States)
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Chemical Sciences and Engineering Div.
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States) (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1214394
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Energy & Environmental Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1754-5692
- Publisher:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE
Citation Formats
Darling, Robert M., Gallagher, Kevin G., Kowalski, Jeffrey A., Ha, Seungbum, and Brushett, Fikile R. Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1039/C4EE02158D.
Darling, Robert M., Gallagher, Kevin G., Kowalski, Jeffrey A., Ha, Seungbum, & Brushett, Fikile R. Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE02158D
Darling, Robert M., Gallagher, Kevin G., Kowalski, Jeffrey A., Ha, Seungbum, and Brushett, Fikile R. Sat .
"Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE02158D. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1214394.
@article{osti_1214394,
title = {Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries},
author = {Darling, Robert M. and Gallagher, Kevin G. and Kowalski, Jeffrey A. and Ha, Seungbum and Brushett, Fikile R.},
abstractNote = {Energy storage is increasingly seen as a valuable asset for electricity grids composed of high fractions of intermittent sources, such as wind power or, in developing economies, unreliable generation and transmission services. However, the potential of batteries to meet the stringent cost and durability requirements for grid applications is largely unquantified. We investigate electrochemical systems capable of economically storing energy for hours and present an analysis of the relationships among technological performance characteristics, component cost factors, and system price for established and conceptual aqueous and nonaqueous batteries. We identified potential advantages of nonaqueous flow batteries over those based on aqueous electrolytes; however, new challenging constraints burden the nonaqueous approach, including the solubility of the active material in the electrolyte. Requirements in harmony with economically effective energy storage are derived for aqueous and nonaqueous systems. The attributes of flow batteries are compared to those of aqueous and nonaqueous enclosed and hybrid (semi-flow) batteries. Flow batteries are a promising technology for reaching these challenging energy storage targets owing to their independent power and energy scaling, reliance on facile and reversible reactants, and potentially simpler manufacture as compared to established enclosed batteries such as lead–acid or lithium-ion.},
doi = {10.1039/C4EE02158D},
journal = {Energy & Environmental Science},
number = 11,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Sat Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}
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- Wedege, Kristina; Dražević, Emil; Konya, Denes
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Bioinspired, high-stability, nonaqueous redox flow battery electrolytes
journal, January 2017
- Huang, Haobo; Howland, Rachael; Agar, Ertan
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 23
Emerging investigator series: capacitive deionization for selective removal of nitrate and perchlorate: impacts of ion selectivity and operating constraints on treatment costs
journal, January 2020
- Hand, Steven; Cusick, Roland D.
- Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 4
Different positive electrode materials in organic and aqueous systems for aluminium ion batteries
journal, January 2019
- Ru, Yue; Zheng, Shasha; Xue, Huaiguo
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 24
Progress and directions in low-cost redox-flow batteries for large-scale energy storage
journal, January 2017
- Li, Bin; Liu, Jun
- National Science Review, Vol. 4, Issue 1
An Electrochemical Study on the Cathode of the Intermediate Temperature Tubular Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) Battery
journal, January 2019
- Nikiforidis, G.; Jongerden, G. J.; Jongerden, E. F.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 2
Consequences of ligand derivatization on the electronic properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters
text, January 2019
- Schurr, Bradley E.; Nachtigall, Olaf; Vangelder, Lauren E.
- Taylor & Francis
Value of storage technologies for wind and solar energy
journal, June 2016
- Braff, William A.; Mueller, Joshua M.; Trancik, Jessika E.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 10
A cobalt sulfide cluster-based catholyte for aqueous flow battery applications
journal, January 2018
- Freeman, Matthew B.; Wang, Le; Jones, Daniel S.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44
Consequences of ligand derivatization on the electronic properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters
text, January 2019
- Schurr, Bradley E.; Nachtigall, Olaf; VanGelder, Lauren E.
- Taylor & Francis
Porphyrin-Based Symmetric Redox-Flow Batteries towards Cold-Climate Energy Storage
journal, February 2018
- Ma, Ting; Pan, Zeng; Miao, Licheng
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 12
A Unique Single‐Ion Mediation Approach for Crossover‐Free Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries with a Na + ‐Ion Solid Electrolyte
journal, November 2019
- Yu, Xingwen; Yu, Wiley A.; Manthiram, Arumugam
- Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Critical Review—Experimental Diagnostics and Material Characterization Techniques Used on Redox Flow Batteries
journal, January 2018
- Gandomi, Y. Ashraf; Aaron, D. S.; Houser, J. R.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 5