DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Structural Basis of Arc Binding to Synaptic Proteins: Implications for Cognitive Disease

Journal Article · · Neuron
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [4];  [2];  [1]
  1. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). School of Medicine, Solomon H. Snyder Dept. of Neuroscience
  2. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). School of Medicine, Dept. of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry
  3. Incheon National Univ. (Korea). Dept. of Nano-Bioengineering
  4. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). School of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences

Arc is a cellular immediate-early gene (IEG) that functions at excitatory synapses and is required for learning and memory. Here we report crystal structures of Arc subdomains that form a bi-lobar architecture remarkably similar to the capsid domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gag protein. Analysis indicates Arc originated from the Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposon family and was “domesticated” in higher vertebrates for synaptic functions. The Arc N-terminal lobe evolved a unique hydrophobic pocket that mediates intermolecular binding with synaptic proteins as resolved in complexes with TARPγ2 (Stargazin) and CaMKII peptides and is essential for Arc’s synaptic function. A consensus sequence for Arc binding identifies several additional partners that include genes implicated in schizophrenia. Arc N-lobe binding is inhibited by small chemicals suggesting Arc’s synaptic action may be druggable. Finally, these studies reveal the remarkable evolutionary origin of Arc and provide a structural basis for understanding Arc’s contribution to neural plasticity and disease.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
OSTI ID:
1213728
Journal Information:
Neuron, Journal Name: Neuron Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 86; ISSN 0896-6273
Publisher:
Cell Press / ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
ENGLISH

References (83)

Neuroleptic, antimuscarinic, and antiadrenergic activity of chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and their metabolites journal October 1979
Arc, a growth factor and activity-regulated gene, encodes a novel cytoskeleton-associated protein that is enriched in neuronal dendrites journal February 1995
The Angelman Syndrome Protein Ube3A Regulates Synapse Development by Ubiquitinating Arc journal March 2010
Arc/Arg3.1 Regulates an Endosomal Pathway Essential for Activity-Dependent β-Amyloid Generation journal October 2011
Dual Regulation of miRNA Biogenesis Generates Target Specificity in Neurotrophin-Induced Protein Synthesis journal March 2012
Inverse Synaptic Tagging of Inactive Synapses via Dynamic Interaction of Arc/Arg3.1 with CaMKIIβ journal May 2012
Cell Adhesion: A FERM Grasp of the Tail Sorts Out Integrins journal September 2012
Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity Regulated by Phosphorylation of Stargazin-like TARPs journal January 2005
Arc/Arg3.1 Is Essential for the Consolidation of Synaptic Plasticity and Memories journal November 2006
Rapid Translation of Arc/Arg3.1 Selectively Mediates mGluR-Dependent LTD through Persistent Increases in AMPAR Endocytosis Rate journal July 2008
Elongation Factor 2 and Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Control the Dynamic Translation of Arc/Arg3.1 Essential for mGluR-LTD journal July 2008
TARP Phosphorylation Regulates Synaptic AMPA Receptors through Lipid Bilayers journal June 2010
CaMKII Triggers the Diffusional Trapping of Surface AMPARs through Phosphorylation of Stargazin journal July 2010
Experience-Induced Arc/Arg3.1 Primes CA1 Pyramidal Neurons for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Synaptic Depression journal October 2013
Computational characterization of multiple Gag-like human proteins journal November 2006
A General Framework for Development and Data Analysis of Competitive High-Throughput Screens for Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Protein−Protein Interactions by Fluorescence Polarization journal December 2004
Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor–adhesion protein signaling complexes journal July 2000
Targeted tandem affinity purification of PSD‐95 recovers core postsynaptic complexes and schizophrenia susceptibility proteins journal January 2009
Atomic-level modelling of the HIV capsid journal January 2011
Cargo Recognition in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis journal November 2013
Quality control of eukaryotic mRNA: safeguarding cells from abnormal mRNA function journal August 2007
The role of RNAi and microRNAs in animal virus replication and antiviral immunity journal May 2009
Role of Nucleocytoplasmic RNA Transport during the Life Cycle of Retroviruses journal January 2012
Fluorescence Polarization (FP) Assays for Monitoring Peptide‐Protein or Nucleic Acid‐Protein Binding journal December 2009
Characterization of the plasticity-related gene, Arc, in the frog brain journal September 2010
Neuroleptic, antimuscarinic, and antiadrenergic activity of chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and their metabolites journal October 1979
Arc, a growth factor and activity-regulated gene, encodes a novel cytoskeleton-associated protein that is enriched in neuronal dendrites journal February 1995
NPXY, a sequence often found in cytoplasmic tails, is required for coated pit-mediated internalization of the low density lipoprotein receptor. journal February 1990
[20] Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode book January 1997
Synaptic Activation Causes the mRNA for the IEG Arc to Localize Selectively near Activated Postsynaptic Sites on Dendrites journal October 1998
The EJC Factor eIF4AIII Modulates Synaptic Strength and Neuronal Protein Expression journal July 2007
X-Ray Structures of the Hexameric Building Block of the HIV Capsid journal June 2009
The Angelman Syndrome Protein Ube3A Regulates Synapse Development by Ubiquitinating Arc journal March 2010
Arc/Arg3.1 Regulates an Endosomal Pathway Essential for Activity-Dependent β-Amyloid Generation journal October 2011
Dual Regulation of miRNA Biogenesis Generates Target Specificity in Neurotrophin-Induced Protein Synthesis journal March 2012
Inverse Synaptic Tagging of Inactive Synapses via Dynamic Interaction of Arc/Arg3.1 with CaMKIIβ journal May 2012
Small peptide recognition sequence for intracellular sorting journal October 2010
Cell Adhesion: A FERM Grasp of the Tail Sorts Out Integrins journal September 2012
The Drosophila ARC homolog regulates behavioral responses to starvation journal October 2007
Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity Regulated by Phosphorylation of Stargazin-like TARPs journal January 2005
Arc/Arg3.1 Is Essential for the Consolidation of Synaptic Plasticity and Memories journal November 2006
Arc/Arg3.1 Interacts with the Endocytic Machinery to Regulate AMPA Receptor Trafficking journal November 2006
Arc/Arg3.1 Mediates Homeostatic Synaptic Scaling of AMPA Receptors journal November 2006
Rapid Translation of Arc/Arg3.1 Selectively Mediates mGluR-Dependent LTD through Persistent Increases in AMPAR Endocytosis Rate journal July 2008
Elongation Factor 2 and Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Control the Dynamic Translation of Arc/Arg3.1 Essential for mGluR-LTD journal July 2008
TARP Phosphorylation Regulates Synaptic AMPA Receptors through Lipid Bilayers journal June 2010
CaMKII Triggers the Diffusional Trapping of Surface AMPARs through Phosphorylation of Stargazin journal July 2010
Experience-Induced Arc/Arg3.1 Primes CA1 Pyramidal Neurons for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Synaptic Depression journal October 2013
Computational characterization of multiple Gag-like human proteins journal November 2006
A General Framework for Development and Data Analysis of Competitive High-Throughput Screens for Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Protein−Protein Interactions by Fluorescence Polarization journal December 2004
Inhibition of Angiogenesis by the Antifungal Drug Itraconazole journal April 2007
Environment-specific expression of the immediate-early gene Arc in hippocampal neuronal ensembles journal December 1999
The long and the short of long–term memory—a molecular framework journal July 1986
Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor–adhesion protein signaling complexes journal July 2000
Targeted tandem affinity purification of PSD‐95 recovers core postsynaptic complexes and schizophrenia susceptibility proteins journal January 2009
Atomic-level modelling of the HIV capsid journal January 2011
De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks journal January 2014
A polygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia journal January 2014
GKAP orchestrates activity-dependent postsynaptic protein remodeling and homeostatic scaling journal November 2012
A proportional but slower NMDA potentiation follows AMPA potentiation in LTP journal March 2004
Structural basis for IL-4 receptor phosphopeptide recognition by thelRS-1 PTB domain journal April 1996
Internal initiation of translation of five dendritically localized neuronal mRNAs journal February 2001
Arc regulates spine morphology and maintains network stability in vivo journal October 2010
Arc-dependent synapse-specific homeostatic plasticity journal December 2010
Atomic structure of the autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia phosphotyrosine-binding domain in complex with the LDL-receptor tail journal April 2012
Structural basis for endosomal trafficking of diverse transmembrane cargos by PX-FERM proteins journal February 2013
Somatodendritic expression of an immediate early gene is regulated by synaptic activity. journal June 1995
Functional studies and distribution define a family of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins journal May 2003
Cargo Recognition in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis journal November 2013
Endocytosis of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases journal May 2013
Quality control of eukaryotic mRNA: safeguarding cells from abnormal mRNA function journal August 2007
The role of RNAi and microRNAs in animal virus replication and antiviral immunity journal May 2009
Coot model-building tools for molecular graphics journal November 2004
REFMAC 5 dictionary: organization of prior chemical knowledge and guidelines for its use journal November 2004
Molecular replacement with MOLREP journal December 2009
PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution journal January 2010
Cellular Genes Derived from Gypsy/Ty3 Retrotransposons in Mammalian Genomes journal October 2009
Stargazing from a new vantage - TARP modulation of AMPA receptor pharmacology journal December 2011
Relationships of Gag-pol Diversity between Ty3/Gypsy and Retroviridae LTR retroelements and the three kings hypothesis journal January 2008
The retrovirus RNA trafficking granule: from birth to maturity journal March 2006
PDZ Domain-Mediated Interactions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors with Postsynaptic Density Protein 95: Quantitative Characterization of Interactions journal May 2013
Evidence for a Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein-Mediated Translational Switch in Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Triggered Arc Translation and Long-Term Depression journal April 2012
Role of Nucleocytoplasmic RNA Transport during the Life Cycle of Retroviruses journal January 2012

Cited By (37)

Genetic Disruption of Arc/Arg3.1 in Mice Causes Alterations in Dopamine and Neurobehavioral Phenotypes Related to Schizophrenia journal August 2016
Arc Requires PSD95 for Assembly into Postsynaptic Complexes Involved with Neural Dysfunction and Intelligence journal October 2017
Chemogenomic analysis reveals key role for lysine acetylation in regulating Arc stability journal November 2017
La protéine neuronale Arc : une capside de rétrotransposon recyclée pour des fonctions clés dans les synapses journal November 2020
A comparative analysis of the foamy and ortho virus capsid structures reveals an ancient domain duplication journal April 2017
Examining non-LTR retrotransposons in the context of the evolving primate brain journal August 2017
Association of SNPs in EGR3 and ARC with Schizophrenia Supports a Biological Pathway for Schizophrenia Risk journal October 2015
Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Controls AMPAR Endocytosis through a Direct Interaction with Clathrin-Adaptor Protein 2 journal May 2016
Reward Network Immediate Early Gene Expression in Mood Disorders journal April 2017
Schizophrenia: What’s Arc Got to Do with It? journal September 2017
Immediate-Early Genes Modulation by Antipsychotics: Translational Implications for a Putative Gateway to Drug-Induced Long-Term Brain Changes journal December 2017
Arc Interacts with the Integral Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein, Calnexin journal September 2017
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Enhances Expression of the Synaptic Protein Arc for Its Own Benefit journal January 2019
Genetic Feedback Regulation of Frontal Cortical Neuronal Ensembles Through Activity-Dependent Arc Expression and Dopaminergic Input journal December 2016
Higher Arc Nucleus-to-Cytoplasm Ratio during Sleep in the Superficial Layers of the Mouse Cortex journal August 2017
Role of Immediate-Early Genes in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuronal Ensembles Underlying the Memory Trace journal January 2016
GSK3α and GSK3β Phosphorylate Arc and Regulate its Degradation journal June 2017
Dynamic Arc SUMOylation and Selective Interaction with F-Actin-Binding Protein Drebrin A in LTP Consolidation In Vivo journal May 2017
Therapeutic Potential of Selectively Targeting the α2C-Adrenoceptor in Cognition, Depression, and Schizophrenia—New Developments and Future Perspective journal August 2017
Chemogenomic analysis reveals key role for lysine acetylation in regulating Arc stability journal November 2017
Structures of virus-like capsids formed by the Drosophila neuronal Arc proteins journal January 2020
Structure of an Arc-ane virus-like capsid journal January 2020
Structure of the Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposon capsid and the evolution of retroviruses journal April 2019
Structure of monomeric full-length ARC sheds light on molecular flexibility, protein interactions, and functional modalities posted_content May 2018
Molecular determinants of Arc oligomerization and formation of virus-like capsids preprint November 2019
Transposon expression in the Drosophila brain is driven by neighboring genes and diversifies the neural transcriptome posted_content November 2019
Transposon expression in the Drosophila brain is driven by neighboring genes and diversifies the neural transcriptome journal September 2020
Structural basis for PDZ domain interactions in the post-synaptic density scaffolding protein Shank3 journal June 2018
Structure of monomeric full-length ARC sheds light on molecular flexibility, protein interactions, and functional modalities journal September 2018
Structure of Drosophila melanogaster ARC1 reveals a repurposed molecule with characteristics of retroviral Gag journal January 2020
A comparative analysis of the foamy and ortho virus capsid structures reveals an ancient domain duplication journal April 2017
Association of SNPs in EGR3 and ARC with Schizophrenia Supports a Biological Pathway for Schizophrenia Risk journal October 2015
Structure of Drosophila melanogaster ARC1 reveals a repurposed molecule with characteristics of retroviral Gag. text January 2020
Human Endogenous Retroviruses Are Ancient Acquired Elements Still Shaping Innate Immune Responses journal September 2018
Reward Network Immediate Early Gene Expression in Mood Disorders journal April 2017
Role of Immediate-Early Genes in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuronal Ensembles Underlying the Memory Trace journal January 2016
Therapeutic Potential of Selectively Targeting the α2C-Adrenoceptor in Cognition, Depression, and Schizophrenia—New Developments and Future Perspective journal August 2017

Similar Records

Dynamic Control of Synaptic Adhesion and Organizing Molecules in Synaptic Plasticity
Journal Article · Sat Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2016 · Neural Plasticity · OSTI ID:1349939

Molecular Mechanism of MDGA1: Regulation of Neuroligin 2:Neurexin Trans-synaptic Bridges
Journal Article · Wed Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Neuron · OSTI ID:1439611

SAPAP4 Deletion Causes Synaptic Dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens
Journal Article · Wed Nov 14 23:00:00 EST 2018 · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · OSTI ID:23107747