Stellar kinematics and metallicities in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II
Abstract
With this study, we present Magellan/M2FS, Very Large Telescope/GIRAFFE, and Gemini South/GMOS spectroscopy of the newly discovered Milky Way satellite Reticulum II. Based on the spectra of 25 Ret II member stars selected from Dark Energy Survey imaging, we measure a mean heliocentric velocity of $$62.8\pm 0.5\;\mathrm{km}\;{\rm{s}}^{-1}$$ and a velocity dispersion of $$3.3\pm 0.7\;\mathrm{km}\;{\rm{s}}^{-1}$$. The mass-to-light ratio of Ret II within its half-light radius is $$470\pm 210\ {M}_{\odot }/{L}_{\odot }$$, demonstrating that it is a strongly dark matter-dominated system. Despite its spatial proximity to the Magellanic Clouds, the radial velocity of Ret II differs from that of the LMC and SMC by 199 and 83 $$\mathrm{km}\ {{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$$, respectively, suggesting that it is not gravitationally bound to the Magellanic system. The likely member stars of Ret II span 1.3 dex in metallicity, with a dispersion of 0.28 ± 0.09 dex, and we identify several extremely metal-poor stars with $${\rm{[Fe/H]}}\lt -3$$. In combination with its luminosity, size, and ellipticity, these results confirm that Ret II is an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. With a mean metallicity of $${\rm{[Fe/H]}}=-2.65\pm 0.07$$, Ret II matches Segue 1 as the most metal-poor galaxy known. Although Ret II is the third-closest dwarf galaxy to the Milky Way, the line-of-sight integral of the dark matter density squared is $${\mathrm{log}}_{10}(J)=18.8\pm 0.6\;\;\mathrm{GeV}{\;}^{2}\;{\mathrm{cm}}^{-5}\;$$ within 0°2, indicating that the predicted gamma-ray flux from dark matter annihilation in Ret II is lower than that of several other dwarf galaxies.
- Authors:
-
- Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States). et al.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- DES Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1212743
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1335100
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-15-145-AE; SLAC-PUB-16733; arXiv:1504.02889
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; arXiv eprint number arXiv:1504.02889
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 808; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; dark matter; galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: individual (Reticulum II); galaxies: stellar content; Local Group; stars: abundances; astrophysics; ASTRO
Citation Formats
Simon, J. D. Stellar kinematics and metallicities in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/95.
Simon, J. D. Stellar kinematics and metallicities in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/95
Simon, J. D. Thu .
"Stellar kinematics and metallicities in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/95. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1212743.
@article{osti_1212743,
title = {Stellar kinematics and metallicities in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II},
author = {Simon, J. D.},
abstractNote = {With this study, we present Magellan/M2FS, Very Large Telescope/GIRAFFE, and Gemini South/GMOS spectroscopy of the newly discovered Milky Way satellite Reticulum II. Based on the spectra of 25 Ret II member stars selected from Dark Energy Survey imaging, we measure a mean heliocentric velocity of $62.8\pm 0.5\;\mathrm{km}\;{\rm{s}}^{-1}$ and a velocity dispersion of $3.3\pm 0.7\;\mathrm{km}\;{\rm{s}}^{-1}$. The mass-to-light ratio of Ret II within its half-light radius is $470\pm 210\ {M}_{\odot }/{L}_{\odot }$, demonstrating that it is a strongly dark matter-dominated system. Despite its spatial proximity to the Magellanic Clouds, the radial velocity of Ret II differs from that of the LMC and SMC by 199 and 83 $\mathrm{km}\ {{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$, respectively, suggesting that it is not gravitationally bound to the Magellanic system. The likely member stars of Ret II span 1.3 dex in metallicity, with a dispersion of 0.28 ± 0.09 dex, and we identify several extremely metal-poor stars with ${\rm{[Fe/H]}}\lt -3$. In combination with its luminosity, size, and ellipticity, these results confirm that Ret II is an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. With a mean metallicity of ${\rm{[Fe/H]}}=-2.65\pm 0.07$, Ret II matches Segue 1 as the most metal-poor galaxy known. Although Ret II is the third-closest dwarf galaxy to the Milky Way, the line-of-sight integral of the dark matter density squared is ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}(J)=18.8\pm 0.6\;\;\mathrm{GeV}{\;}^{2}\;{\mathrm{cm}}^{-5}\;$ within 0°2, indicating that the predicted gamma-ray flux from dark matter annihilation in Ret II is lower than that of several other dwarf galaxies.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/95},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 808,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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The First Tidally Disrupted Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy?: A Spectroscopic Analysis of the Tucana III Stream
journal, October 2018
- Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Kuehn, K.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1
The Missing Satellites of the Magellanic Clouds? Gaia Proper Motions of the Recently Discovered Ultra-faint Galaxies
journal, October 2018
- Kallivayalil, Nitya; Sales, Laura V.; Zivick, Paul
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs
journal, January 2019
- Ji, Alexander P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Frebel, Anna
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
r -process Enrichment of the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies by Fast-merging Double-neutron Stars
journal, February 2019
- Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Andrews, Jeff. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1
Proper Motions of Milky Way Ultra-faint Satellites with Gaia DR2 × DES DR1
journal, April 2019
- Pace, Andrew B.; Li, Ting S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
Chemical Abundance Analysis of Tucana III, the Second r -process Enhanced Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy
journal, September 2019
- Marshall, J. L.; Hansen, T.; Simon, J. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2
Dynamical Histories of the Crater II and Hercules Dwarf Galaxies
journal, September 2019
- Fu, Sal Wanying; Simon, Joshua D.; Jara, Alex G. Alarcón
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
Improved constraints from ultra-faint dwarf galaxies on primordial black holes as dark matter
text, January 2020
- Stegmann, Jakob; Capelo, Pedro R.; Bortolas, Elisa
- Oxford University Press
On The Gamma-Ray Emission From Reticulum II and Other Dwarf Galaxies
text, January 2015
- Hooper, Dan; Linden, Tim
- arXiv
Magellan/M2FS Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and Grus 1
text, January 2015
- Walker, Matthew G.; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.
- arXiv
The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview
text, January 2016
- Collaboration, Dark Energy Survey; Abbott, T.; Abdalla, F. B.
- arXiv
Complete element abundances of nine stars in the r-process galaxy Reticulum II
text, January 2016
- Ji, Alexander P.; Frebel, Anna; Simon, Joshua D.
- arXiv
Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation in Recently Discovered Milky Way Satellites with Fermi-LAT
text, January 2016
- Fermi-LAT, The; Collaborations, Des; Albert, A.
- arXiv
Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II
text, January 2016
- Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Drlica-Wagner, A.
- arXiv
Foreground effect on the $J$-factor estimation of ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies
text, January 2017
- Ichikawa, Koji; Horigome, Shun-ichi; Ishigaki, Miho N.
- arXiv
The universality of the rapid neutron-capture process revealed by a possible disrupted dwarf galaxy star
text, January 2017
- Casey, Andrew R.; Schlaufman, Kevin C.
- arXiv
From actinides to zinc: Using the full abundance pattern of the brightest star in Reticulum II to distinguish between different r-process sites
text, January 2018
- Ji, Alexander P.; Frebel, Anna
- arXiv
Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge
text, January 2018
- Koposov, Sergey E.; Walker, Matthew G.; Belokurov, Vasily
- arXiv
The Missing Satellites of the Magellanic Clouds? Gaia Proper Motions of the Recently Discovered Ultra-Faint Galaxies
text, January 2018
- Kallivayalil, Nitya; Sales, Laura; Zivick, Paul
- arXiv
The Suppression of Star Formation on the Smallest Scales: What Role Does Environment Play?
text, January 2018
- Wimberly, M. K. Rodriguez; Cooper, M. C.; Fillingham, S. P.
- arXiv
Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-Capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs
text, January 2018
- Ji, Alexander P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Frebel, Anna
- arXiv
The velocity anisotropy of the Milky Way satellite system
text, January 2018
- Riley, Alexander H.; Fattahi, Azadeh; Pace, Andrew B.
- arXiv
A Global Analysis of Dark Matter Signals from 27 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies using 11 Years of Fermi-LAT Observations
text, January 2018
- Hoof, Sebastian; Geringer-Sameth, Alex; Trotta, Roberto
- arXiv
Dynamical Histories of the Crater II and Hercules Dwarf Galaxies
text, January 2019
- Fu, Sal Wanying; Simon, Joshua D.; Jara, Alex G. Alarcón
- arXiv
The stellar Initial Mass Function of the solar neighbourhood revealed by Gaia
text, January 2019
- Sollima, A.
- arXiv