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Title: Aromatic anchor at an invariant hormone-receptor interface: Function of insulin residue B24 with application to protein design

Abstract

Crystallographic studies of insulin bound to fragments of the insulin receptor have recently defined the topography of the primary hormone-receptor interface. Here, we have investigated the role of PheB24, an invariant aromatic anchor at this interface and site of a human mutation causing diabetes mellitus. An extensive set of B24 substitutions has been constructed and tested for effects on receptor binding. Although aromaticity has long been considered a key requirement at this position, MetB24 was found to confer essentially native affinity and bioactivity. Molecular modeling suggests that this linear side chain can serve as an alternative hydrophobic anchor at the hormone-receptor interface. These findings motivated further substitution of PheB24 by cyclohexanylalanine (Cha), which contains a nonplanar aliphatic ring. Contrary to expectations, [ChaB24]insulin likewise exhibited high activity. Furthermore, its resistance to fibrillation and the rapid rate of hexamer disassembly, properties of potential therapeutic advantage, were enhanced. The crystal structure of the ChaB24 analog, determined as an R6 zinc-stabilized hexamer at a resolution of 1.5 Å, closely resembles that of wild-type insulin. The nonplanar aliphatic ring exhibits two chair conformations with partial occupancies, each recapitulating the role of PheB24 at the dimer interface. Together, these studies have defined structural requirements of anmore » anchor residue within the B24-binding pocket of the insulin receptor; similar molecular principles are likely to pertain to insulin-related growth factors. Finally, our results highlight in particular the utility of nonaromatic side chains as probes of the B24 pocket and suggest that the nonstandard Cha side chain may have therapeutic utility.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [4];  [1]
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  1. Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
  2. La Trobe Univ., Melbourne, VIC (Australia)
  3. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC (Australia)
  4. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC (Australia); Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC (Australia)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1208668
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 289; Journal Issue: 50; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9258
Publisher:
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
ENGLISH
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; diabetes; mutagenesis; protein design; protein structure; receptor tyrosine kinase hormone; nonstandard mutagenesis

Citation Formats

Pandyarajan, Vijay, Smith, Brian J., Phillips, Nelson B., Whittaker, Linda, Cox, Gabriella P., Wickramasinghe, Nalinda, Menting, John G., Wan, Zhu-li, Whittaker, Jonathan, Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz, Lawrence, Michael C., and Weiss, Michael A. Aromatic anchor at an invariant hormone-receptor interface: Function of insulin residue B24 with application to protein design. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.608562.
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Pandyarajan, Vijay, Smith, Brian J., Phillips, Nelson B., Whittaker, Linda, Cox, Gabriella P., Wickramasinghe, Nalinda, Menting, John G., Wan, Zhu-li, Whittaker, Jonathan, Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz, Lawrence, Michael C., & Weiss, Michael A. Aromatic anchor at an invariant hormone-receptor interface: Function of insulin residue B24 with application to protein design. United States. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.608562
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Pandyarajan, Vijay, Smith, Brian J., Phillips, Nelson B., Whittaker, Linda, Cox, Gabriella P., Wickramasinghe, Nalinda, Menting, John G., Wan, Zhu-li, Whittaker, Jonathan, Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz, Lawrence, Michael C., and Weiss, Michael A. Fri . "Aromatic anchor at an invariant hormone-receptor interface: Function of insulin residue B24 with application to protein design". United States. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.608562. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1208668.
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@article{osti_1208668,
title = {Aromatic anchor at an invariant hormone-receptor interface: Function of insulin residue B24 with application to protein design},
author = {Pandyarajan, Vijay and Smith, Brian J. and Phillips, Nelson B. and Whittaker, Linda and Cox, Gabriella P. and Wickramasinghe, Nalinda and Menting, John G. and Wan, Zhu-li and Whittaker, Jonathan and Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz and Lawrence, Michael C. and Weiss, Michael A.},
abstractNote = {Crystallographic studies of insulin bound to fragments of the insulin receptor have recently defined the topography of the primary hormone-receptor interface. Here, we have investigated the role of PheB24, an invariant aromatic anchor at this interface and site of a human mutation causing diabetes mellitus. An extensive set of B24 substitutions has been constructed and tested for effects on receptor binding. Although aromaticity has long been considered a key requirement at this position, MetB24 was found to confer essentially native affinity and bioactivity. Molecular modeling suggests that this linear side chain can serve as an alternative hydrophobic anchor at the hormone-receptor interface. These findings motivated further substitution of PheB24 by cyclohexanylalanine (Cha), which contains a nonplanar aliphatic ring. Contrary to expectations, [ChaB24]insulin likewise exhibited high activity. Furthermore, its resistance to fibrillation and the rapid rate of hexamer disassembly, properties of potential therapeutic advantage, were enhanced. The crystal structure of the ChaB24 analog, determined as an R6 zinc-stabilized hexamer at a resolution of 1.5 Å, closely resembles that of wild-type insulin. The nonplanar aliphatic ring exhibits two chair conformations with partial occupancies, each recapitulating the role of PheB24 at the dimer interface. Together, these studies have defined structural requirements of an anchor residue within the B24-binding pocket of the insulin receptor; similar molecular principles are likely to pertain to insulin-related growth factors. Finally, our results highlight in particular the utility of nonaromatic side chains as probes of the B24 pocket and suggest that the nonstandard Cha side chain may have therapeutic utility.},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.M114.608562},
journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry},
number = 50,
volume = 289,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Fri Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}
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