Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing of shale formations in the United States has led to a domestic energy boom. Currently, water is the only fracturing fluid regularly used in commercial shale oil and gas production. Industry and researchers are interested in non-aqueous working fluids due to their potential to increase production, reduce water requirements, and to minimize environmental impacts. Using a combination of new experimental and modeling data at multiple scales, we analyze the benefits and drawbacks of using CO₂ as a working fluid for shale gas production. We theorize and outline potential advantages of CO₂ including enhanced fracturing and fracture propagation, reduction of flow-blocking mechanisms, increased desorption of methane adsorbed in organic-rich parts of the shale, and a reduction or elimination of the deep re-injection of flow-back water that has been linked to induced seismicity and other environmental concerns. We also examine likely disadvantages including costs and safety issues associated with handling large volumes of supercritical CO₂. The advantages could have a significant impact over time leading to substantially increased gas production. In addition, if CO₂ proves to be an effective fracturing fluid, then shale gas formations could become a major utilization option for carbon sequestration.
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; USDOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1193677
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1247591
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-14-29299
Journal ID: ISSN 0306-2619; PII: S0306261915003074
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396; 20140002DR; 20150397DR
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Applied Energy
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 147; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0306-2619
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; 29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS; 58 GEOSCIENCES; 03 NATURAL GAS; 04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS; shale gas; hydraulic fracturing; supercritical CO₂; non-aqueous fracturing fluids; waterless fracturing fluids
Citation Formats
Middleton, Richard S., Carey, James William, Currier, Robert P., Hyman, Jeffrey De'Haven, Kang, Qinjun, Karra, Satish, Jiménez-Martínez, Joaquín, Porter, Mark L., and Viswanathan, Hari S. Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.023.
Middleton, Richard S., Carey, James William, Currier, Robert P., Hyman, Jeffrey De'Haven, Kang, Qinjun, Karra, Satish, Jiménez-Martínez, Joaquín, Porter, Mark L., & Viswanathan, Hari S. Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.023
Middleton, Richard S., Carey, James William, Currier, Robert P., Hyman, Jeffrey De'Haven, Kang, Qinjun, Karra, Satish, Jiménez-Martínez, Joaquín, Porter, Mark L., and Viswanathan, Hari S. Mon .
"Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.023. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1193677.
@article{osti_1193677,
title = {Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids: Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO₂},
author = {Middleton, Richard S. and Carey, James William and Currier, Robert P. and Hyman, Jeffrey De'Haven and Kang, Qinjun and Karra, Satish and Jiménez-Martínez, Joaquín and Porter, Mark L. and Viswanathan, Hari S.},
abstractNote = {Hydraulic fracturing of shale formations in the United States has led to a domestic energy boom. Currently, water is the only fracturing fluid regularly used in commercial shale oil and gas production. Industry and researchers are interested in non-aqueous working fluids due to their potential to increase production, reduce water requirements, and to minimize environmental impacts. Using a combination of new experimental and modeling data at multiple scales, we analyze the benefits and drawbacks of using CO₂ as a working fluid for shale gas production. We theorize and outline potential advantages of CO₂ including enhanced fracturing and fracture propagation, reduction of flow-blocking mechanisms, increased desorption of methane adsorbed in organic-rich parts of the shale, and a reduction or elimination of the deep re-injection of flow-back water that has been linked to induced seismicity and other environmental concerns. We also examine likely disadvantages including costs and safety issues associated with handling large volumes of supercritical CO₂. The advantages could have a significant impact over time leading to substantially increased gas production. In addition, if CO₂ proves to be an effective fracturing fluid, then shale gas formations could become a major utilization option for carbon sequestration.},
doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.023},
journal = {Applied Energy},
number = C,
volume = 147,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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