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Title: Precision Measurement of the (e++e-) Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Abstract

We present a measurement of the cosmic ray (e++e-) flux in the range 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV based on the analysis of 10.6 million (e++e-) events collected by AMS. The statistics and the resolution of AMS provide a precision measurement of the flux. The flux is smooth and reveals new and distinct information. Above 30.2 GeV, the flux can be described by a single power law with a spectral index γ= -3.170 ± 0.008(stat+syst) ± 0.008(energy scale).

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1180501
Resource Type:
Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 113 Journal Issue: 22; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Aguilar, M., Aisa, D., Alpat, B., Alvino, A., Ambrosi, G., Andeen, K., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Bazo, J., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bigongiari, G., Bindi, V., Bizzaglia, S., Bizzarri, M., Boella, G., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Borsini, S., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Cascioli, V., Castellini, G., Cernuda, I., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, H., Cheng, G. M., Chen, H. S., Cheng, L., Chikanian, A., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Coste, B., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Masso, L., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Donnini, F., Du, W. J., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Eline, A., Eppling, F. J., Eronen, T., Fan, Y. Y., Farnesini, L., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Finch, E., Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García, B., García-López, R., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Gillard, W., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guandalini, C., Guerri, I., Guo, K. H., Habiby, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Kossakowski, R., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M. S., Kunz, S., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, W., Li, Y., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, H., Lomtadze, T., Lu, M. J., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lv, S. S., Majka, R., Malinin, A., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Müller, M., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Nunes, P., Obermeier, A., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Papi, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pedreschi, E., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Pilo, F., Piluso, A., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Postaci, E., Putze, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rodríguez, I., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Sbarra, C., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schuckardt, D., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Scolieri, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shan, Y. H., Shi, J. Y., Shi, X. Y., Shi, Y. M., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Spada, F., Spinella, F., Sun, W., Sun, W. H., Tacconi, M., Tang, C. P., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vaurynovich, S., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, Q. L., Wang, R. S., Wang, X., Wang, Z. X., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Wu, H., Xia, X., Xie, M., Xie, S., Xiong, R. Q., Xin, G. M., Xu, N. S., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Ye, Q. H., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zeissler, S., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, M. T., Zhang, X. B., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., and Zurbach, C. Precision Measurement of the(e++e-)Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.221102.
Aguilar, M., Aisa, D., Alpat, B., Alvino, A., Ambrosi, G., Andeen, K., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Bazo, J., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bigongiari, G., Bindi, V., Bizzaglia, S., Bizzarri, M., Boella, G., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Borsini, S., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Cascioli, V., Castellini, G., Cernuda, I., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, H., Cheng, G. M., Chen, H. S., Cheng, L., Chikanian, A., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Coste, B., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Masso, L., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Donnini, F., Du, W. J., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Eline, A., Eppling, F. J., Eronen, T., Fan, Y. Y., Farnesini, L., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Finch, E., Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García, B., García-López, R., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Gillard, W., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guandalini, C., Guerri, I., Guo, K. H., Habiby, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Kossakowski, R., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M. S., Kunz, S., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, W., Li, Y., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, H., Lomtadze, T., Lu, M. J., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lv, S. S., Majka, R., Malinin, A., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Müller, M., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Nunes, P., Obermeier, A., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Papi, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pedreschi, E., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Pilo, F., Piluso, A., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Postaci, E., Putze, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rodríguez, I., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Sbarra, C., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schuckardt, D., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Scolieri, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shan, Y. H., Shi, J. Y., Shi, X. Y., Shi, Y. M., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Spada, F., Spinella, F., Sun, W., Sun, W. H., Tacconi, M., Tang, C. P., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vaurynovich, S., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, Q. L., Wang, R. S., Wang, X., Wang, Z. X., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Wu, H., Xia, X., Xie, M., Xie, S., Xiong, R. Q., Xin, G. M., Xu, N. S., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Ye, Q. H., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zeissler, S., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, M. T., Zhang, X. B., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., & Zurbach, C. Precision Measurement of the(e++e-)Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.221102
Aguilar, M., Aisa, D., Alpat, B., Alvino, A., Ambrosi, G., Andeen, K., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Bazo, J., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bigongiari, G., Bindi, V., Bizzaglia, S., Bizzarri, M., Boella, G., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Borsini, S., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Cascioli, V., Castellini, G., Cernuda, I., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, H., Cheng, G. M., Chen, H. S., Cheng, L., Chikanian, A., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Coste, B., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Masso, L., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Donnini, F., Du, W. J., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Eline, A., Eppling, F. J., Eronen, T., Fan, Y. Y., Farnesini, L., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Finch, E., Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García, B., García-López, R., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Gillard, W., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guandalini, C., Guerri, I., Guo, K. H., Habiby, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Kossakowski, R., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M. S., Kunz, S., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, W., Li, Y., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, H., Lomtadze, T., Lu, M. J., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lv, S. S., Majka, R., Malinin, A., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Müller, M., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Nunes, P., Obermeier, A., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Papi, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pedreschi, E., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Pilo, F., Piluso, A., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Postaci, E., Putze, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rodríguez, I., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Sbarra, C., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schuckardt, D., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Scolieri, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shan, Y. H., Shi, J. Y., Shi, X. Y., Shi, Y. M., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Spada, F., Spinella, F., Sun, W., Sun, W. H., Tacconi, M., Tang, C. P., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vaurynovich, S., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, Q. L., Wang, R. S., Wang, X., Wang, Z. X., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Wu, H., Xia, X., Xie, M., Xie, S., Xiong, R. Q., Xin, G. M., Xu, N. S., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Ye, Q. H., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zeissler, S., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, M. T., Zhang, X. B., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., and Zurbach, C. Wed . "Precision Measurement of the(e++e-)Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.221102.
@article{osti_1180501,
title = {Precision Measurement of the(e++e-)Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station},
author = {Aguilar, M. and Aisa, D. and Alpat, B. and Alvino, A. and Ambrosi, G. and Andeen, K. and Arruda, L. and Attig, N. and Azzarello, P. and Bachlechner, A. and Barao, F. and Barrau, A. and Barrin, L. and Bartoloni, A. and Basara, L. and Battarbee, M. and Battiston, R. and Bazo, J. and Becker, U. and Behlmann, M. and Beischer, B. and Berdugo, J. and Bertucci, B. and Bigongiari, G. and Bindi, V. and Bizzaglia, S. and Bizzarri, M. and Boella, G. and de Boer, W. and Bollweg, K. and Bonnivard, V. and Borgia, B. and Borsini, S. and Boschini, M. J. and Bourquin, M. and Burger, J. and Cadoux, F. and Cai, X. D. and Capell, M. and Caroff, S. and Casaus, J. and Cascioli, V. and Castellini, G. and Cernuda, I. and Cervelli, F. and Chae, M. J. and Chang, Y. H. and Chen, A. I. and Chen, H. and Cheng, G. M. and Chen, H. S. and Cheng, L. and Chikanian, A. and Chou, H. Y. and Choumilov, E. and Choutko, V. and Chung, C. H. and Clark, C. and Clavero, R. and Coignet, G. and Consolandi, C. and Contin, A. and Corti, C. and Coste, B. and Crispoltoni, M. and Cui, Z. and Dai, M. and Delgado, C. and Della Torre, S. and Demirköz, M. B. and Derome, L. and Di Falco, S. and Di Masso, L. and Dimiccoli, F. and Díaz, C. and von Doetinchem, P. and Donnini, F. and Du, W. J. and Duranti, M. and D’Urso, D. and Eline, A. and Eppling, F. J. and Eronen, T. and Fan, Y. Y. and Farnesini, L. and Feng, J. and Fiandrini, E. and Fiasson, A. and Finch, E. and Fisher, P. and Galaktionov, Y. and Gallucci, G. and García, B. and García-López, R. and Gargiulo, C. and Gast, H. and Gebauer, I. and Gervasi, M. and Ghelfi, A. and Gillard, W. and Giovacchini, F. and Goglov, P. and Gong, J. and Goy, C. and Grabski, V. and Grandi, D. and Graziani, M. and Guandalini, C. and Guerri, I. and Guo, K. H. and Habiby, M. and Haino, S. and Han, K. C. and He, Z. H. and Heil, M. and Hoffman, J. and Hsieh, T. H. and Huang, Z. C. and Huh, C. and Incagli, M. and Ionica, M. and Jang, W. Y. and Jinchi, H. and Kanishev, K. and Kim, G. N. and Kim, K. S. and Kirn, Th. and Kossakowski, R. and Kounina, O. and Kounine, A. and Koutsenko, V. and Krafczyk, M. S. and Kunz, S. and La Vacca, G. and Laudi, E. and Laurenti, G. and Lazzizzera, I. and Lebedev, A. and Lee, H. T. and Lee, S. C. and Leluc, C. and Li, H. L. and Li, J. Q. and Li, Q. and Li, Q. and Li, T. X. and Li, W. and Li, Y. and Li, Z. H. and Li, Z. Y. and Lim, S. and Lin, C. H. and Lipari, P. and Lippert, T. and Liu, D. and Liu, H. and Lomtadze, T. and Lu, M. J. and Lu, Y. S. and Luebelsmeyer, K. and Luo, F. and Luo, J. Z. and Lv, S. S. and Majka, R. and Malinin, A. and Mañá, C. and Marín, J. and Martin, T. and Martínez, G. and Masi, N. and Maurin, D. and Menchaca-Rocha, A. and Meng, Q. and Mo, D. C. and Morescalchi, L. and Mott, P. and Müller, M. and Ni, J. Q. and Nikonov, N. and Nozzoli, F. and Nunes, P. and Obermeier, A. and Oliva, A. and Orcinha, M. and Palmonari, F. and Palomares, C. and Paniccia, M. and Papi, A. and Pauluzzi, M. and Pedreschi, E. and Pensotti, S. and Pereira, R. and Pilo, F. and Piluso, A. and Pizzolotto, C. and Plyaskin, V. and Pohl, M. and Poireau, V. and Postaci, E. and Putze, A. and Quadrani, L. and Qi, X. M. and Räihä, T. and Rancoita, P. G. and Rapin, D. and Ricol, J. S. and Rodríguez, I. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rozhkov, A. and Rozza, D. and Sagdeev, R. and Sandweiss, J. and Saouter, P. and Sbarra, C. and Schael, S. and Schmidt, S. M. and Schuckardt, D. and Schulz von Dratzig, A. and Schwering, G. and Scolieri, G. and Seo, E. S. and Shan, B. S. and Shan, Y. H. and Shi, J. Y. and Shi, X. Y. and Shi, Y. M. and Siedenburg, T. and Son, D. and Spada, F. and Spinella, F. and Sun, W. and Sun, W. H. and Tacconi, M. and Tang, C. P. and Tang, X. W. and Tang, Z. C. and Tao, L. and Tescaro, D. and Ting, Samuel C. C. and Ting, S. M. and Tomassetti, N. and Torsti, J. and Türkoğlu, C. and Urban, T. and Vagelli, V. and Valente, E. and Vannini, C. and Valtonen, E. and Vaurynovich, S. and Vecchi, M. and Velasco, M. and Vialle, J. P. and Wang, L. Q. and Wang, Q. L. and Wang, R. S. and Wang, X. and Wang, Z. X. and Weng, Z. L. and Whitman, K. and Wienkenhöver, J. and Wu, H. and Xia, X. and Xie, M. and Xie, S. and Xiong, R. Q. and Xin, G. M. and Xu, N. S. and Xu, W. and Yan, Q. and Yang, J. and Yang, M. and Ye, Q. H. and Yi, H. and Yu, Y. J. and Yu, Z. Q. and Zeissler, S. and Zhang, J. H. and Zhang, M. T. and Zhang, X. B. and Zhang, Z. and Zheng, Z. M. and Zhuang, H. L. and Zhukov, V. and Zichichi, A. and Zimmermann, N. and Zuccon, P. and Zurbach, C.},
abstractNote = {We present a measurement of the cosmic ray (e++e-) flux in the range 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV based on the analysis of 10.6 million (e++e-) events collected by AMS. The statistics and the resolution of AMS provide a precision measurement of the flux. The flux is smooth and reveals new and distinct information. Above 30.2 GeV, the flux can be described by a single power law with a spectral index γ= -3.170 ± 0.008(stat+syst) ± 0.008(energy scale).},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.221102},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 22,
volume = 113,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 26 00:00:00 EST 2014},
month = {Wed Nov 26 00:00:00 EST 2014}
}

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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.221102

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