Engineered Interface Chemistry to Improve the Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam

Vautard, Frederic; Grappe, Hippolyte A.; Ozcan, Soydan

doi:10.1021/ie501678j

Title: Engineered Interface Chemistry to Improve the Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam

Abstract

A reactive sizing was designed to achieve high levels of interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties with a carbon fiber-acrylate system cured by electron beam (EB). The sizing was made of a partially cured epoxy sizing with a high density of pendant functional groups (acrylate functionality) able to generate a covalent bonding with the matrix. The interlaminar shear strength was clearly improved from 61 MPa to 81 MPa (+ 33 %) without any post-processing, reaching a similar value to the one obtained with the same system cured by a thermal treatment. Observation of the fracture profiles clearly highlighted a change in the fracture mechanism from a purely adhesive failure to a cohesive failure. Such improvements of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites cured by EB, without any post-cure, have not been reported previously to the best of our knowledge. This constitutes a breakthrough for the industrial development of composites EB curing.

Authors:

Vautard, Frederic ^[1]; Grappe, Hippolyte A. ^[2];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1154833

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 53; Journal Issue: 32; Journal ID: ISSN 0888-5885

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; sizing; carbon fiber; polymer matrix composites (PMCs); fiber-matrix bond; acrylate; electron beam curing

Citation Formats


                    Vautard, Frederic, Grappe, Hippolyte A., and Ozcan, Soydan. Engineered Interface Chemistry to Improve the Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/ie501678j.

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                    Vautard, Frederic, Grappe, Hippolyte A., & Ozcan, Soydan. Engineered Interface Chemistry to Improve the Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/ie501678j

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                    Vautard, Frederic, Grappe, Hippolyte A., and Ozcan, Soydan. Tue .  
"Engineered Interface Chemistry to Improve the Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/ie501678j.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1154833.

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@article{osti_1154833,

  title        = {Engineered Interface Chemistry to Improve the Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam},

  author       = {Vautard, Frederic and Grappe, Hippolyte A. and Ozcan, Soydan},

  abstractNote = {A reactive sizing was designed to achieve high levels of interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties with a carbon fiber-acrylate system cured by electron beam (EB). The sizing was made of a partially cured epoxy sizing with a high density of pendant functional groups (acrylate functionality) able to generate a covalent bonding with the matrix. The interlaminar shear strength was clearly improved from 61 MPa to 81 MPa (+ 33 %) without any post-processing, reaching a similar value to the one obtained with the same system cured by a thermal treatment. Observation of the fracture profiles clearly highlighted a change in the fracture mechanism from a purely adhesive failure to a cohesive failure. Such improvements of the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites cured by EB, without any post-cure, have not been reported previously to the best of our knowledge. This constitutes a breakthrough for the industrial development of composites EB curing.},

  doi          = {10.1021/ie501678j},

  journal      = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},

  number       = 32,

  volume       = 53,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014},

  month        = {Tue Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Influence of an oxidation of the carbon fiber surface on the adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam
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International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 34
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Influence of an oxidation of the carbon fiber surface by boiling nitric acid on the adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam: Characterization of interfaces in composites cured by electron beam
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Vautard, F.; Fioux, P.; Vidal, L.
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Modification of the Carbon Fiber Surface by Oxygen Plasma and its Influence on Adhesion Strength in Acrylate-Based Composites Cured by Electron Beam and Ultra Violet Light
journal, June 2013

Vautard, F.; Fioux, P.; Vidal, L.
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Measurement and analytical validation of interfacial bond strength of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites
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Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 43, Issue 7
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Grafting acrylate functionalities at the surface of carbon fibers to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber–acrylate composites cured by electron beam
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Vautard, F.; Fioux, P.; Vidal, L.
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Using the thiol-ene reaction to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by ultra violet light
journal, December 2013

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Applied Surface Science, Vol. 286
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Use of Plasma Polymerization to Improve Adhesion Strength in Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Enhanced Interfacial Shear Strength and Critical Energy Release Rate in Single Glass Fiber-Crosslinked Polypropylene Model Microcomposites
journal, December 2018

Gohs, Uwe; Mueller, Michael; Zschech, Carsten
Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 12
DOI: 10.3390/ma11122552

Enhanced Interfacial Shear Strength and Critical Energy Release Rate in Single Glass Fiber-Crosslinked Polypropylene Model Microcomposites
journal, December 2018

Gohs, Uwe; Mueller, Michael; Zschech, Carsten
Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 12
DOI: 10.3390/ma11122552

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Similar Records

Title: Engineered Interface Chemistry to Improve the Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam

Abstract

Citation Formats

Interlaminar fracture toughness behavior of electron-beam cured carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy-resin composites journal, December 2013

Radiation curing of carbon fibre composites journal, January 2014

Influence of the carbon fiber surface properties on interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber–acrylate composites cured by electron beam journal, July 2011

Influence of thermal history on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber–acrylate composites cured by electron beam and thermal processes journal, February 2013

Influence of an oxidation of the carbon fiber surface on the adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam journal, April 2012

Influence of an oxidation of the carbon fiber surface by boiling nitric acid on the adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam: Characterization of interfaces in composites cured by electron beam journal, August 2012

Modification of the Carbon Fiber Surface by Oxygen Plasma and its Influence on Adhesion Strength in Acrylate-Based Composites Cured by Electron Beam and Ultra Violet Light journal, June 2013

Measurement and analytical validation of interfacial bond strength of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites journal, March 2008

Properties of thermo-chemically surface treated carbon fibers and of their epoxy and vinyl ester composites journal, July 2012

Grafting acrylate functionalities at the surface of carbon fibers to improve adhesion strength in carbon fiber–acrylate composites cured by electron beam journal, November 2013

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Use of Plasma Polymerization to Improve Adhesion Strength in Carbon Fiber Composites Cured by Electron Beam journal, January 2014

Synthesis and viscoelastic properties of new thermosetting resins having isocyanurate and oxazolidone rings in their molecular structures journal, May 1983

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Synthesis of poly-2-oxazolidones from diisocyanates and diepoxides journal, March 1970

Evolution of properties of an isocyanate/epoxy thermosetting system during cure: Continuous heating (CHT) and isothermal time?temperature?transformation (TTT) cure diagrams journal, April 1997

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Interlaminar fracture toughness behavior of electron-beam cured carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy-resin composites
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Radiation curing of carbon fibre composites
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Influence of the carbon fiber surface properties on interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber–acrylate composites cured by electron beam
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Influence of thermal history on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber–acrylate composites cured by electron beam and thermal processes
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Influence of an oxidation of the carbon fiber surface on the adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam
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Influence of an oxidation of the carbon fiber surface by boiling nitric acid on the adhesion strength in carbon fiber-acrylate composites cured by electron beam: Characterization of interfaces in composites cured by electron beam
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Modification of the Carbon Fiber Surface by Oxygen Plasma and its Influence on Adhesion Strength in Acrylate-Based Composites Cured by Electron Beam and Ultra Violet Light
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Measurement and analytical validation of interfacial bond strength of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites
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Synthesis and viscoelastic properties of new thermosetting resins having isocyanurate and oxazolidone rings in their molecular structures
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Isocyanate–epoxy reactions in bulk and solution
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Reaction of a diepoxide with a diisocyanate in bulk: I. Use of a tertiary amine catalyst
journal, July 1990

Synthesis of poly-2-oxazolidones from diisocyanates and diepoxides
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Evolution of properties of an isocyanate/epoxy thermosetting system during cure: Continuous heating (CHT) and isothermal time?temperature?transformation (TTT) cure diagrams
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