Pronghorn

Pronghorn is designed as a multi-dimensional coarse-mesh conjugate heat transfer simulator (tightly coupled fluid and solid phase heat transfer) for nuclear reactor core applications. Pronghorn’s design philosophy of is that: 1. The tool will be agnostic of reactor concept, including VHTRs, SFRs, FHRs, and LWRs. 2. Must be higher fidelity than traditional nuclear systems/safety analysis (0D-1D). 3. Avoid lower-length scale phenomena, such as boundary layer theory, i.e., rely on closure relations. 4. Apply mixture theory (homogenization) wherever possible. 5. Conserve mass and energy (solve all physics on single mesh). 6. Must be easily coupled to both MOOSE-based and external physics applications. 7. Does not require a super computer. Thus, Pronghorn’s algorithmic philosophy is to resolve large scale flow features and model lower-length scale phenomena, such as boundary layers. The coarse mesh approach for lower-length scale modeling is to develop a multi-component multi-phase homogenization of solid and liquid phases into a mixture formulation inside a finite element. For example, a pebble bed core is represented as a two-phase mixture of coolant and fuel pebbles, where the fuel phase is stationary. Thus, the solid phase exerts a drag force on the fluid phase, composed of form and viscous drag, and both phases exchange internal energy through conduction and convective heat transfer. For Pronghorn, the volume fraction of fluid can vary in space, but not in time. Pronghorn has been validated against the VHTR PBMR400 benchmark problems, used for rod ejection simulations have been conducted for thermal-fluids/neutronics for both pebble-bed and prismatic gas-cooled reactors and simple thermal-neutronics coupled LWR benchmark problems. Pronghorn flow models cover a wide range of transient and steady flow conditions, including, porous fluid flow, compressible flow, and nearly incompressible, thermally expansive flow. The physics can be solved in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates and two-dimensional cylindrical (r-z) coordinates.