Exposure-Relevant Ozone Chemistry in Occupied Spaces

Thesis/Dissertation · Wed Apr 01 04:00:00 EDT 2009

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/957040· OSTI ID:957040

Coleman, Beverly Kaye ^[1]

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1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Ozone, an ambient pollutant, is transformed into other airborne pollutants in the indoor environment. In this dissertation, the type and amount of byproducts that result from ozone reactions with common indoor surfaces, surface residues, and vapors were determined, pollutant concentrations were related to occupant exposure, and frameworks were developed to predict byproduct concentrations under various indoor conditions. In Chapter 2, an analysis is presented of secondary organic aerosol formation from the reaction of ozone with gas-phase, terpene-containing consumer products in small chamber experiments under conditions relevant for residential and commercial buildings. The full particle size distribution was continuously monitored, and ultrafine and fine particle concentrations were in the range of 10 to>300 mu g m^-3. Particle nucleation and growth dynamics were characterized.Chapter 3 presents an investigation of ozone reactions with aircraft cabin surfaces including carpet, seat fabric, plastics, and laundered and worn clothing fabric. Small chamber experiments were used to determine ozone deposition velocities, ozone reaction probabilities, byproduct emission rates, and byproduct yields for each surface category. The most commonly detected byproducts included C1?C10 saturated aldehydes and skin oil oxidation products. For all materials, emission rates were higher with ozone than without. Experimental results were used to predict byproduct exposure in the cabin and compare to other environments. Byproduct levels are predicted to be similar to ozone levels in the cabin, which have been found to be tens to low hundreds of ppb in the absence of an ozone converter. In Chapter 4, a model is presented that predicts ozone uptake by and byproduct emission from residual chemicals on surfaces. The effects of input parameters (residue surface concentration, ozone concentration, reactivity of the residue and the surface, near-surface airflow conditions, and byproduct yield) were explored. In Chapter 5, the reaction of ozone with permethrin, a residual insecticide used in aircraft cabins, to form phosgene is investigated. A derivatization technique was developed to detect phosgene at low levels, and chamber experiments were conducted with permethrin-coated cabin materials. It was determined that phosgene formation, if it occurs in the aircraft cabin, is not likely to exceed the relevant, health-based phosgene exposure guidelines.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)
• DOE Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 957040
• Report Number(s): LBNL--1828E
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AEROSOLS
AIRCRAFT
ALDEHYDES
Byproducts
CHEMISTRY
CLOTHING
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
DEPOSITION
DERIVATIZATION
DISTRIBUTION
INDOORS
INSECTICIDES
Indoor Air Quality
NUCLEATION
OCCUPANTS
OXIDATION
OZONE
Ozone
PARTICLE SIZE
PHOSGENE
PLASTICS
POLLUTANTS
RESIDUES
Surface Chemistry
Terpenes