Science and applications of mixed conductors for lithium batteries.
Mixed conductors show significant mobility of both electronic and ionic species and were the subject of an earlier review in MRS Bulletin. The current review is restricted to those mixed conductors of interest for use in lithium batteries, with an emphasis on commercialization. The first lithium batteries were primary cells using pure lithium anodes and carbon monofluoride or manganese oxide as the cathode. Both were developed in Japan, the former for use in fishing floats and the latter for calculators and similar small devices. Such primary cells based mainly on MnO{sub 2} or FeS{sub 2} cathodes are still extensively used in watches, cameras, and so on. Lithium primary cells are also the main power source for many medical devices, such as pacemakers. In some of these applications, silver vanadate is the cathode. The recognition of the role of intercalation/ insertion reactions in battery electrodes just over 25 years ago allowed significant progress to be made in secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries. From the first prototypical titanium disulfide cells, the technology has more recently been commercialized by Sony Corp. in the Li-ion cell, using a cobalt oxide insertion cathode and a carbon insertion anode. In the former, commercialized by Exxon, the reaction is the simple intercalation of lithium ions between sheets of TiS{sub 2}.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- SC; EE
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 942729
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CMT/JA-34060
- Journal Information:
- Mater. Res. Bull., Journal Name: Mater. Res. Bull. Journal Issue: Mar. 2000 Vol. 39; ISSN MRBUAC; ISSN 0025-5408
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- ENGLISH
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