Electrochemical performance and kinetics of Li{sub 1+x}(Co{sub 1/3}Ni{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}){sub 1-x}O{sub 2} cathodes and graphite anodes in low temperature electrolytes.
Lithium-ion batteries have started replacing the conventional aqueous nickel-based battery systems in space applications, such as planetary landers, rovers, orbiters and satellites. The reasons for such widespread use of these batteries are the savings in mass and volume of the power subsystems, resulting from their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, and their ability to operate at extreme temperatures. In our pursuit to further enhance the specific energy as well as low-temperature performance of Li-ion batteries, we have been investigating various layered lithiated metal oxides, e.g., LiCoO{sub 2}, LiNi{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.2} and LiNi{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.15}Al{sub 0.05}O{sub 2}, as well as different low-temperature electrolytes, including ternary and quaternary carbonate mixtures with various co-solvents. In this paper, we report our recent studies on Li{sub 1+x}(Co{sub 1/3}Ni{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}){sub 1-x}O{sub 2} cathodes, combined with three different low-temperature electrolytes, i.e.: (1) 1.0 M LiPF{sub 6} in EC:EMC (20:80), (2) 1.2 M LiPF{sub 6} in EC:EMC (20:80) and (3) 1.2 M LiPF{sub 6} in EC:EMC (30:70). Electrical performance characteristics were determined in laboratory glass cells at different discharge rates and different temperatures. Further, individual electrode kinetics of both Li{sub 1+x}(Co{sub 1/3}Ni{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}){sub 1-x}O{sub 2} cathodes and MCMB graphite anodes were determined at different temperatures, using dc micropolarization, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analysis of these data has led to interesting trends relative to the effects of solvent composition and salt concentration, on the electrical performance and on the kinetics of cathode and anode.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- EE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-AC02-06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 940947
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CMT/JA-57810; JPSODZ; TRN: US200824%%311
- Journal Information:
- J. Power Sources, Vol. 168, Issue 2 ; Jun. 1, 2007; ISSN 0378-7753
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- ENGLISH
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