Coal Gasification - section in Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th Edition, 2-vol. set, July 2007, ISBN 978-0-470-04748-4, pp. 580-587
Coal gasification is the process of reacting coal with oxygen, steam, and carbon dioxide to form a product gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Gasification is essentially incomplete combustion. The chemical and physical processes are quite similar, the main difference being the nature of the final products. From a processing point of view the main operating difference is that gasification consumes heat evolved during combustion. Under the reducing environment of gasification the sulfur in the coal is released as hydrogen sulfide rather than sulfur dioxide and the coal's nitrogen is converted mostly to ammonia rather than nitrogen oxides. These reduced forms of sulfur and nitrogen are easily isolated, captured, and utilized, and thus gasification is a clean coal technology with better environmental performance than coal combustion. Depending on the type of gasifier and the operating conditions, gasification can be used to produce a fuel gas suitable for any number of applications. A low heating value fuel gas is produced from an air blown gasifier for use as an industrial fuel and for power production. A medium heating value fuel gas is produced from enriched oxygen blown gasification for use as a synthesis gas in the production of chemicals such as ammonia, methanol, and transportation fuels. A high heating value gas can be produced from shifting the medium heating value product gas over catalysts to produce a substitute or synthetic natural gas (SNG).
- Research Organization:
- National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE - Office of Fossil Energy (FE)
- DOE Contract Number:
- None cited
- OSTI ID:
- 937583
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/NETL-IR-2007-213; NETL-TPR-1546; ISBN 978-0-470-04748-4; TRN: US200820%%322
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
COAL
COAL GASIFICATION
COMBUSTION
FUEL GAS
GASIFICATION
HEATING
HIGH BTU GAS
HYDROGEN SULFIDES
NITROGEN
NITROGEN OXIDES
POWER GENERATION
SULFUR
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SYNTHESIS GAS
CHEMISORPTION
PENTACENE
SILICON
SORPTIVE PROPERTIES
MORPHOLOGY
ADSORPTION HEAT