Synthesis and Li-ion Insertion Properties of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous Rutile TiO2
Mesoporous TiO2 has attracted great attention as a promising Li insertion electrode material with improved cycling life, rate capability and high power density. Up to date, mesoporous anatase TiO2 has been investigated for Li insertion. Recent studies have shown that nanosized rutile could be an excellent candidate for anode materials for higher Li insertion capacity and improved stability. However, synthesis of highly crystalline mesoporous rutile has met with limited success so far. There has been no report on Li insertion of mesoporous rutile TiO2. In this paper, we report a new low-temperature solution growth of TiO2 nanocrystals within an anionic surfactant matrix to produce highly crystalline mesoporous rutile and investigate Li insertion properties of the mesoporous crystalline rutile. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and N2 sorption isotherms reveal mesoporous structure in the highly crystalline mesoporous TiO2 directly results from the anionic surfactant templating effects with high surface area (245~300 m2/g) and tunable mesopore diameter ranging from 2.2 to 3.8 nm after calcination. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements show that framework of the highly crystalline mesoporous TiO2 are composed of aligned rutile nanorod building blocks grown along [001] direction. The new mesoporous crystalline rutile can accommodate more than 0.7 Li (Li0.7TiO2, 235 mAh/g) during the first discharge at C/5 rate between 1–3 V versus Li+/Li, with a reversible capacity of 0.55 Li (Li0.55TiO2, 185 mAh/g). The mesoporous crystalline rutile shows excellent capacity retention with less than 10% capacity loss after over 100 cycles. XRD and TEM characterization on electrochemically lithiated sample show that the rutile nanorods were transformed into cubic rocksalt LiTiO2 nanorods, but the mesostructures remained stable after the phase transformation and cycling. Furthermore, the crystalline mesoporous rutile may also have good potentials for other applications such as stable catalyst supports.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 937039
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-59542
- Journal Information:
- Chemistry of Materials, 20(10):3435-3442, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials, 20(10):3435-3442 Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 20; ISSN CMATEX; ISSN 0897-4756
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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