Characterization of the Carbon and Retained Austenite Distributions in Martensitic Medium Carbon, Low Alloy, Steel

Journal Article · Mon Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2007 · Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9160-3· OSTI ID:931664

Sherman, D. H. ^[1]; Cross, Steven M ^[2]; Kim, Sangho ^[3]; Grandjean, F. ^[4]; Long, G. J. ^[5]; Miller, Michael K ^[6]

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1. Caterpillar Technical Center
2. Caterpillar Inc.
3. Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
4. University of Liege, Belgium
5. University of Missouri, Rolla
6. ORNL

The retained austenite content and carbon distribution in martensite were determined as a function of cooling rate and temper temperature in steel that contained 1.31 at. pct C, 3.2 at. pct Si, and 3.2 at. pct non-iron metallic elements. Mossbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), transmission synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atom probe tomography were used for the microstructural analyses. The retained austenite content was an inverse, linear function of cooling rate between 25 and 560 K/s. The elevated Si content of 3.2 at. pct did not shift the start of austenite decomposition to higher tempering temperatures relative to SAE 4130 steel. The minimum tempering temperature for complete austenite decomposition was significantly higher (>650 C) than for SAE 4130 steel ({approx}300 C). The tempering temperatures for the precipitation of transition carbides and cementite were significantly higher (>400 C) than for carbon steels (100 C to 200 C and 200 C to 350 C), respectively. Approximately 90 pct of the carbon atoms were trapped in Cottrell atmospheres in the vicinity of the dislocation cores in dislocation tangles in the martensite matrix after cooling at 560 K/s and aging at 22 C. The 3.2 at. pct Si content increased the upper temperature limit for stable carbon clusters to above 215 C. Significant autotempering occurred during cooling at 25 K/s. The proportion of total carbon that segregated to the interlath austenite films decreased from 34 to 8 pct as the cooling rate increased from 25 to 560 K/s. Developing a model for the transfer of carbon from martensite to austenite during quenching should provide a means for calculating the retained austenite. The maximum carbon content in the austenite films was 6 to 7 at. pct, both in specimens cooled at 560 K/s and at 25 K/s. Approximately 6 to 7 at. pct carbon was sufficient to arrest the transformation of austenite to martensite. The chemical potential of carbon is the same in martensite that contains 0.5 to 1.0 at. pct carbon and in austenite that contains 6 to 7 at. pct carbon. There was no segregation of any substitutional elements.

• Research Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Shared Research Equipment Collaborative Research Center
• Sponsoring Organization: SC USDOE - Office of Science (SC)
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-00OR22725
• OSTI ID: 931664
• Journal Information: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Journal Name: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Vol. 38A; ISSN MMTAEB; ISSN 1073-5623
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
AUSTENITE
CARBON
CARBON STEELS
MARTENSITE
STEELS
TEMPERING
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
X-RAY DIFFRACTION