A Novel Bis-Tetrahydrofuranylurethane-Containing Nonpeptidic Protease Inhibitor (PI), GRL-98065, Is Potent Against Mulutiple-PI-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Vitro

Journal Article · Mon Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2007 · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01413-06· OSTI ID:929968

Amano, M; Koh, Y; Das, D; Li, J; Leschenko, S; Wang, Y; Boross, P; Weber, I; Ghosh, A; Mitsuya, H

We designed, synthesized, and identified GRL-98065, a novel nonpeptidic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) containing the structure-based designed privileged cyclic ether-derived nonpeptide P2 ligand, 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane (bis-THF), and a sulfonamide isostere, which is highly potent against laboratory HIV-1 strains and primary clinical isolates (50% effective concentration [EC{sub 50}], 0.0002 to 0.0005 {mu}M) with minimal cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxicity, 35.7 {mu}M in CD4{sup +} MT-2 cells). GRL-98065 blocked the infectivity and replication of each of the HIV-1{sub NL4-3} variants exposed to and selected by up to a 5 {mu}M concentration of saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, or ritonavir and a 1 {mu}M concentration of lopinavir or atazanavir (EC{sub 50}, 0.0015 to 0.0075 {mu}M), although it was less active against HIV-1{sub NLV4-3} selected by amprenavir (EC{sub 50}, 0.032 {mu}M). GRL-98065 was also potent against multiple-PI-resistant clinical HIV-1 variants isolated from patients who had no response to existing antiviral regimens after having received a variety of antiviral agents, HIV-1 isolates of various subtypes, and HIV-2 isolates examined. Structural analyses revealed that the close contact of GRL-98065 with the main chain of the protease active-site amino acids (Asp29 and Asp30) is important for its potency and wide-spectrum activity against multiple-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants. The present data demonstrate that the privileged nonpeptide P2 ligand, bis-THF, is critical for the binding of GRL-98065 to the HIV protease substrate binding site and that this scaffold can confer highly potent antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of HIV isolates.

• Research Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) National Synchrotron Light Source
• Sponsoring Organization: Doe - Office Of Science
• DOE Contract Number: AC02-98CH10886
• OSTI ID: 929968
• Report Number(s): BNL--80572-2008-JA
• Journal Information: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Journal Name: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 51; ISSN 0066-4804; ISSN AMACCQ
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AIDS VIRUS
AMINO ACIDS
HUMAN POPULATIONS
IN VITRO
INFECTIVITY
PATIENTS
STRAINS
SUBSTRATES
SULFONAMIDES
WHO
national synchrotron light source