On the safety of the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/ LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} lithium-ion battery system.
The aim of this work is to investigate the inherent safety characteristics of the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cell chemistry in a real battery. For this purpose, the reactivity of the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode material with the electrolyte was first studied upon its electrochemical lithiation in a Li-metal half-cell. Results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry show that the total heat associated with this reaction increased when the lithium amount inserted in Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} increased, with no noticeable change in the onset temperature (125 C). It was also found that the total heat of the fully lithiated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} (383 J/g) was much smaller compared to that of the fully lithiated graphite (2700 J/g), the latter having a lower onset temperature (100 C). The thermal and structural stability of Li{sub 6.5}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and Li{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} phases was investigated after the chemical lithiation of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} with butylithium and the chemical delithiation of LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} with nitronium tetrafluoroborate. Data from thermal gravimetric analysis show that the Li{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cathode released less than 2 wt % oxygen below 400 C, while the Li{sub 6.5}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode gained 4 wt % at the same temperature. The accelerated rate calorimetry test performed on 18650-cells containing Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} chemistry showed no thermal runaway, explosion, or fire. These results clearly demonstrate that the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/LiMn2O{sub 4} battery could be one of the safest Li-ion battery systems.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- EE
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-AC02-06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 920570
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CMT/JA-59687; JESOAN; TRN: US200818%%7
- Journal Information:
- J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 154, Issue 12 ; 2007; ISSN 0013-4651
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- ENGLISH
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