Circulation anomaly mechanisms in the tropical Atlantic sector during the Northeast Brazil rainy season: Results from the GISS general circulation model

Journal Article · Fri Aug 20 04:00:00 EDT 1993 · Journal of Geophysical Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD01284· OSTI ID:91307

Hastenrath, S ^[1]; Druyan, L ^[2]

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1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
2. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)

The role of the sea surface temperature (SST) pattern in the tropical Atlantic on the overlying atmosphere is studied from a 7-year run of the general circulation model (GCM) of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) (period 1980-1986) and in comparison to upper air analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), surface ship observations of the SST and wind fields (COADS), and rainfall measurements in Northeast Brazil (Nordeste). Observations for March to April show that reduced northward SST decrease in the tropical Atlantic is accompanied by reduced northward decrease of lower-tropospheric thickness, which accounts for an inverse change in the meridional pressure gradient and reduced northerly wind component; this in turn entails a northward displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone and drought in the Nordeste. The GCM simulation reproduces the thermal and hydrostatic forcing of SST on the meridional gradients of lower-tropospheric thickness and pressure in the proper sense, albeit more weakly than observed. The modeled meridional wind component follows the meridional pressure gradient in the proper sense, but mean and range are smaller than observed, and the modeled interannual variability is not altogether consistent with observational evidence. Both modeled and observed March to April Nordeste rainfall are negatively related with SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific in March to April as well as in the immediately preceding January. Both in January and in March to April the modeled soil moisture exhibits a strong dependence on the modeled precipitation, but neither resembles in interannual variability nor in absolute amounts of the observed rainfall. Overall the GISS GCM seems to reproduce reasonably well the response of lower-tropospheric thickness and near-surface pressure to SST, while the simulation of wind and rainfall is somewhat deficient. 27 refs., 4 figs.

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• DOE Contract Number: FG02-92ER61477
• OSTI ID: 91307
• Journal Information: Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research Journal Issue: D8 Vol. 98; ISSN 0148-0227; ISSN JGREA2
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
ATLANTIC OCEAN
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
BRAZIL
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS
PRECIPITATION
WIND