Integrated Molecular Signature of Disease: Analysis of Influenza Virus-Infected Macaques through Functional Genomics and Proteomics

Journal Article · Wed Nov 01 04:00:00 EST 2006 · Journal of Virology, 80(21):10813 (16 pages)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00851-06· OSTI ID:896060

Baas, T; Baskin, C R; Diamond, Deborah L; Garcia-Sastre, A; Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H; Tumpey, T M; Thomas, M J; Carter, V S; Teal, T H; Van Hoven, N; Proll, Sean; Jacobs, Jon M; Caldwell, Z; Gritsenko, Marina A; Hukkanen, R; Camp, David G; Smith, Richard D; Katze, Michael G

Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in humans have stressed the need for an improved non-human primate model of influenza pathogenesis. In order to develop our macaque model, we expanded our in vivo and functional genomics experiments: We focused on the innate immune response at day 2 post-inoculation and on gene expression in affected lung tissue with viral genetic material present; finally, we sought to identify signature genes for early infection in whole blood. For these purposes, we infected six pigtailed macaques with 107 TCID50 of influenza A/Texas/36/91 virus and three control animals with a sham inoculate. We sacrificed one control and two experimental animals at day 2, 4, and 7 and lung tissue was harvested for pathology, gene expression profiling, and proteomics. Additionally, blood was collected for genomics every other day from each animal until its endpoint. Gross and microscopic pathology, immunohistochemistry, viral gene expression by arrays and/or quantitative real-time RT-PCR confirmed successful yet mild infection in all experimental animals. Genomic experiments were performed using second generation macaque-specific oligonucleotide arrays and high-throughput proteomics revealed host response to infection at the protein level. Our data showed dramatic differences in gene expression within the same influenza-induced lesion based on the presence or absence of viral mRNA. We also identified genes tightly co-regulated in peripheral white blood cells and in lung tissue at day 2 post-inoculation. This latter finding opens the possibility of using gene expression arrays on whole blood to detect infection after exposure but prior to onset of symptoms or shedding.

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US), Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 896060
• Report Number(s): PNWD-SA-7379; 16317
• Journal Information: Journal of Virology, 80(21):10813 (16 pages), Journal Name: Journal of Virology, 80(21):10813 (16 pages)
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ANIMALS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
FUNCTIONALS
Flu infection
Macaque
Monkey
Influenza
global
GENES
GENETICS
IN VIVO
INFLUENZA
LUNGS
OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
PRIMATES
PROTEINS
SYMPTOMS