The fractal nature of vacuum arc cathode spots
Cathode spot phenomena show many features of fractals, for example self-similar patterns in the emitted light and arc erosion traces. Although there have been hints on the fractal nature of cathode spots in the literature, the fractal approach to spot interpretation is underutilized. In this work, a brief review of spot properties is given, touching the differences between spot type 1 (on cathodes surfaces with dielectric layers) and spot type 2 (on metallic, clean surfaces) as well as the known spot fragment or cell structure. The basic properties of self-similarity, power laws, random colored noise, and fractals are introduced. Several points of evidence for the fractal nature of spots are provided. Specifically power laws are identified as signature of fractal properties, such as spectral power of noisy arc parameters (ion current, arc voltage, etc) obtained by fast Fourier transform. It is shown that fractal properties can be observed down to the cutoff by measurement resolution or occurrence of elementary steps in physical processes. Random walk models of cathode spot motion are well established: they go asymptotically to Brownian motion for infinitesimal step width. The power spectrum of the arc voltage noise falls as 1/f {sup 2}, where f is frequency, supporting a fractal spot model associated with Brownian motion.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE. Administrator for National Nuclear Security Admin.Nonproliferation and National Security Program Direction
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-AC02-05CH11231
- OSTI ID:
- 877322
- Report Number(s):
- LBNL-56776; R&D Project: Z2N196; TRN: US0601410
- Journal Information:
- IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue, Vol. 33, Issue 5pt1; Related Information: Journal Publication Date: 10/2005
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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