Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector

Cole, Jerald D; Drigert, Mark W; Reber, Edward L; Aryaeinejad, Rahmat

Title: Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector

Patent · Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2001

OSTI ID:873826

Cole, Jerald D ^[1]; Drigert, Mark W ^[1]; Reber, Edward L ^[1]; Aryaeinejad, Rahmat ^[1]

Idaho Falls, ID

In one aspect, the invention encompasses a method of detecting radioactive decay, comprising: a) providing a sample comprising a radioactive material, the radioactive material generating decay particles; b)providing a plurality of detectors proximate the sample, the detectors comprising a first set and a second set, the first set of the detectors comprising liquid state detectors utilizing liquid scintillation material coupled with photo tubes to generate a first electrical signal in response to decay particles stimulating the liquid scintillation material, the second set of the detectors comprising solid state detectors utilizing a crystalline solid to generate a second electrical signal in response to decay particles stimulating the crystalline solid; c) stimulating at least one of the detectors to generate at least one of the first and second electrical signals, the at least one of the first and second electrical signals being indicative of radioactive decay in the sample. In another aspect, the invention encompasses an apparatus for identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei of a sample comprising radioactive material that decays to generate neutrons and high-energy .gamma.-rays.

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Research Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

DOE Contract Number:: AC07-94ID13223

Assignee:: Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC (Idaho Falls, ID)

Patent Number(s):: US 6255657

OSTI ID:: 873826

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (19)

Band crossing observed in neutron-rich Pd isotopes via spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$ Aryaeinejad, R.; Cole, J. D.; Greenwood, R. C. Physical Review C, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.48.566	journal	August 1993
Identification of γ transitions in ${}^{147}{Ba}$ , ${}^{149}{Ce}$ , and ${}^{151, 153}{Nd}$ Babu, B. R. S.; Zhu, S. J.; Ramayya, A. V. Physical Review C, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.54.568	journal	August 1996
Identification of the $γ$ transitions in Tc and Cs products of $^{252} Cf$ fission and possible ${7 / 2}^{+}$ [413] bands in $^{105 - 109} Tc$ isotopes Hwang, J. K.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hamilton, J. H. Physical Review C, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.57.2250	journal	May 1998
Evidence of unique-parity band structure in neutron-rich odd- A Ru isotopes Butler-Moore, K.; Aryaeinejad, R.; Cole, J. D. Physical Review C, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.1339	journal	September 1995
Octupole deformation in 142,143Ba and 144Ce: new band structures in neutron-rich Ba-isotopes Zhu, S. J.; Lu, Q. H.; Hamilton, J. H. Physics Letters B, Vol. 357, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)00900-6	journal	September 1995
Table of Contents Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 23, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/23/9/003	journal	September 1997
Application of X-rays in prompt spectroscopy of 252Cf fission fragments Butler-Moore, K.; Aryaeinejad, R.; Cole, J. D. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 361, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00072-0	journal	July 1995
Zero neutron emission in spontaneous fission of ²⁵² Cf: a form of cluster radioactivity Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Kormicki, J. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/20/8/003	journal	August 1994
Identification of $^{109} Mo$ and possible octupole correlations in $^{107, 109} Mo$ Hwang, J. K.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hamilton, J. H. Physical Review C, Vol. 56, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.56.1344	journal	September 1997
Structure of neutron-rich nuclei and neutron multiplicities in spontaneous fission Hamilton, J. H.; Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Physics Reports, Vol. 264, Issue 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(95)00039-9	journal	January 1996
New cold and ultra hot binary and cold ternary spontaneous fission modes for 252Cf and new band structures with gammasphere Hamilton, J. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 38 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00037-9	journal	January 1997
New Spontaneous Fission Mode for $^{252} Cf$ : Indication of Hyperdeformed $^{144, 145, 146} Ba$ at Scission Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Hamilton, J. H.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.32	journal	July 1996
Cold (Neutronless) Alpha Ternary Fission of ²⁵² Cf: Theory and Comparison with Experiment Sandulescu, A.; Florescu, A.; Carstoiu, F. International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 07, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.1142/S021830139800035X	journal	October 1998
Identification of levels in ¹⁶⁰ Sm and new high spin states in ^156,158 Sm Zhu, S. J.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/21/7/002	journal	July 1995
Structure of ${}^{108, 110, 112}{Ru}$ : Identical bands in ${}^{108, 110}{Ru}$ Lu, Q. H.; Butler-Moore, K.; Zhu, S. J. Physical Review C, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.1348	journal	September 1995
Identification of new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes produced in 252Cf spontaneous fission Greenwood, R. C.; Anderl, R. A.; Cole, J. D. AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 164 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.36957	conference	January 1987
Levels in ¹³⁶ Te and new high-spin states in neutron-rich N=84 isotones Butler-Moore, K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/19/7/004	journal	July 1993
New insights from studies of spontaneous fission with large detector arrays Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Zhu, S. J. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 35 https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(95)00048-N	journal	January 1995
Neutron Multiplicities and Yields of Correlated Zr-Ce and Mo-Ba Fragment Paris in Spontaneous Fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$ Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Hamilton, J. H.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 73, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1477	journal	September 1994

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Title: Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector

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