Electrochromic nickel hydroxide films and the effects of foreign metal ions
- General Motors Research Labs., Warren, MI (United States). Physical Chemistry Dept.
Studies of the electrochromic properties of nickel hydroxide and related nickel oxide materials have revealed promising characteristics for smart window applications including a high coloration efficiency throughout the visible region. In addition, good durability in electrochromic switching (over 5,000 coloration/bleaching cycles with no significant degradation in response) has been reported for sputtered nickel oxide films. However, there have also been some unfavorable reports about the durability of electrochromic nickel hydroxide films. For example, a significant deterioration in the electrochromic response of cathodically deposited nickel hydroxide films has been observed in less than 500 cycles. Estimates of the number of coloration/bleaching cycles needed for automotive smart window applications are in the range of 10{sup 5} cycles--enough to allow switching once per mile during a 100,000 mile car lifetime. It is reasonable to expect that the electrochromic switching performance of nickel hydroxide films may be improved by the introduction of foreign metal ions since the performance of nickel battery electrodes, also comprised of nickel hydroxide, can be improved by certain foreign metal ions. For example, it is well-known that lithium, added to the electrolyte, and cobalt, coprecipitated into nickel hydroxide, can have beneficial effects on the long-term charge storage properties of nickel battery electrodes. In the present chapter, the authors discuss cathodically deposited electrochromic nickel hydroxide films in terms of their electrochromic response and aging characteristics together with the effects of foreign metal ions on these properties.
- OSTI ID:
- 86087
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-8809123--; ISBN 0-8194-0069-6
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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