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Matter in extremis: Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC

Journal Article · · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
OSTI ID:841923

We review the physics of nuclear matter at high energy density and the experimental search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The data obtained in the first three years of the RHIC physics program provide several lines of evidence that a novel state of matter has been created in the most violent, head-on collisions of Au nuclei at {radical}s = 200 GeV. Jet quenching and global measurements show that the initial energy density of the strongly interacting medium generated in the collision is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of cold nuclear matter, well above the critical density for the deconfinement phase transition predicted by lattice QCD. The observed collective flow patterns imply that the system thermalizes early in its evolution, with the dynamics of its expansion consistent with ideal hydrodynamic flow based on a Quark-Gluon Plasma equation of state.

Research Organization:
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA (US)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Director. Office of Science. Office of Nuclear Physics (US)
DOE Contract Number:
AC03-76SF00098
OSTI ID:
841923
Report Number(s):
LBNL--56959
Journal Information:
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Journal Name: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 54
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English