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Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High‐Redshift Supernovae

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1086/307221· OSTI ID:840560
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [2];  [5];  [6];  [2];  [7];  [8];  [2];  [9];  [4];  [5];  [3];  [2];  [10];  [11] more »;  [11];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [19];  [20] « less
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); LBNL Library
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Institute of Superior Tecnico (IST), Lisbon (Portugal)
  5. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of Paris VI and VII, Paris (France)
  6. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Stockholm University (Sweden)
  7. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); European Southern Observatory, Munich (Germany)
  8. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Collège de France, Paris (France)
  9. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  10. European Southern Observatory, La Silla (Chile)
  11. Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  12. University of Barcelona (Spain)
  13. Isaac Newton Group, La Palma (Spain)
  14. Yale University, New Haven, CT (United States)
  15. Anglo-Australian Observatory, Sydney (Australia)
  16. University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  17. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  18. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States); European Space Agency, Paris (France)
  19. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
  20. University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Here we report measurements of the mass density, ΩM, and cosmological-constant energy density, ΩΛ, of the universe based on the analysis of 42 type Ia supernovae discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project. The magnitude-redshift data for these supernovae, at redshifts between 0.18 and 0.83, are fitted jointly with a set of supernovae from the Calán/Tololo Supernova Survey, at redshifts below 0.1, to yield values for the cosmological parameters. All supernova peak magnitudes are standardized using a SN Ia light-curve width-luminosity relation. The measurement yields a joint probability distribution of the cosmological parameters that is approximated by the relation 0.8ΩM-0.6ΩΛ≈-0.2±0.1 in the region of interest (ΩM≲1.5). For a flat (ΩM+ΩΛ=1) cosmology we find Ω$$_{M}^{flat}$$=0.28$$^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$$ (1 σ statistical) $$^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$$ (identified systematics). The data are strongly inconsistent with a Λ=0 flat cosmology, the simplest inflationary universe model. An open, Λ=0 cosmology also does not fit the data well: the data indicate that the cosmological constant is nonzero and positive, with a confidence of P(Λ>0)=99%, including the identified systematic uncertainties. The best-fit age of the universe relative to the Hubble time is t$$_{0}^{flat}$$=14.9$$^{+1.4}_{-1.1}$$(0.63/h) Gyr for a flat cosmology. The size of our sample allows us to perform a variety of statistical tests to check for possible systematic errors and biases. We find no significant differences in either the host reddening distribution or Malmquist bias between the low-redshift Calán/Tololo sample and our high-redshift sample. Excluding those few supernovae that are outliers in color excess or fit residual does not significantly change the results. The conclusions are also robust whether or not a width-luminosity relation is used to standardize the supernova peak magnitudes. We discuss and constrain, where possible, hypothetical alternatives to a cosmological constant.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Director, Office of Science (US); National Science Foundation (NSF); Swedish Natural Science Research Council; France-Berkeley Fund; Stockholm-Berkeley Fund
Grant/Contract Number:
AC03-76SF00098
OSTI ID:
840560
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 6466094
Report Number(s):
LBNL--41801
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 517; ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (2)

Scalar Fields and Alternatives in Cosmology and Black Holes other January 2007
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies in an inhomogeneous universe. other January 2015

Figures / Tables (14)

TABLE 1(p. 18)table TABLE 1
TABLE 2(p. 19)table TABLE 2
TABLE 3(p. 20)table TABLE 3
TABLE 4(p. 21)table TABLE 4
FIG. 1(p. 22)figure FIG. 1
FIG. 2(p. 23)figure FIG. 2
FIG. 3(p. 25)figure FIG. 3
FIG. 4(p. 26)figure FIG. 4
FIG. 5(p. 27)figure FIG. 5
FIG. 6(p. 29)figure FIG. 6
FIG. 7(p. 30)figure FIG. 7
FIG. 8(p. 31)figure FIG. 8
FIG. 9(p. 32)figure FIG. 9
FIG. 10(p. 33)figure FIG. 10

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Measurements of [Omega] and [Lambda] from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
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