Determination of combustion products from alternative fuels - part 1. LPG and CNG combustion products
This paper describes efforts underway to identify volatile organic exhaust species generated by a light-duty vehicle operating over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) on CNG and LPG, and to compare them to exhaust constituents generated from the same vehicle operating on a fuel blended to meet California Phase 2 specifications. The exhaust species from this vehicle were identified and quantified for fuel/air equivalence ratios of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2, nominally, and were analyzed with and without the vehicle`s catalytic converter in place to determine the influence of the vehicle`s catalyst on species formation. Speciation data showed greater than 87 percent of all LPG and greater than 95 percent of all CNG hydrocarbon exhaust constituents to be composed of C{sub 1} to C{sub 3} compounds. In addition, toxic emissions from the combustion of CNG and LPG were as low as 10 percent of those generated by combustion of gasoline. A comparison of ozone forming potential of the three fuels was made based on the Maximum Incremental Reactivity scale used by the California Air Resources Board. Post-catalyst results from stoichiometric operation indicated that LPG and CNG produced 63 percent and 88 percent less potential ozone than reformulated gasoline, respectively. On average over all equivalence ratios, CNG and LPG exhaust constituents were approximately 65 percent less reactive than those from reformulated gasoline. 4 refs., 3 figs., 14 tabs.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 81330
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9410173--
- Journal Information:
- SAE Special Publication, Journal Name: SAE Special Publication Journal Issue: 1057; ISSN SAESA2
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
03 NATURAL GAS
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AUTOMOTIVE FUELS
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
COMPRESSED GASES
EXHAUST GASES
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE
FUEL SUBSTITUTION
FUEL-AIR RATIO
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GASOLINE
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
MASS SPECTRA
NATURAL GAS
VOLATILE MATTER