Bioremediation of petroleum pollutants: Diversity and environmental aspects of hydrocarbon biodegradation
- Univ. of Louisville, KY (United States)
- National Center of Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR (United States)
The manufacture, transportation, and distribution of petroleum and chemical products during the last century has resulted in hydrocarbon-contamination becoming a major environmental problem. Most of the environmental inputs of petroleum are accommodated largely due to the capacities of microorganisms to biodegrade hydrocarbons. Bioremediation has gained significant political support among competing technologies for in situ cleanup of pollutants. In addition to its potential for local cleanup of contaminated water and soil, bioremediation may have a future role in solving problems on a global scale, including removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. This article examines in detail the following topics: bacterial and fungal metabolism of hydrocarbons; bioremediation of marine oil spills; site remediation; performance and regulatory oversight. In summary diverse microorganisms using diverse metabolic pathways have the capacities for degrading a wide spectrum of hydrocarbon structures in petroleum. Some pathways lead to detoxification and destruction of the pollutants whereas others activate potentially harmful compounds. In most cases of detoxification, environmental modification is used to stimulate the biodegradative activities of indigenous organisms. Biodegradation is emerging as an important cost-effective treatment for marine oil spills and contaminated sites. 13 refs., 2 figs.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 79298
- Journal Information:
- Bioscience, Journal Name: Bioscience Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 45; ISSN 0006-3568; ISSN BISNAS
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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