Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, October--December 1975

Technical Report · Sun Feb 01 04:00:00 EST 1976

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/7350218· OSTI ID:7350218

Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J.; Given, P. H.

The actual coal gasification reaction is controlled diffusionally in the lower part of the bed and kinetically in the upper part of the bed. When closely size-graded pulverized coal particles undergo rapid devolatilization in a laminar flow reactor, the effect of heating-up time on weight loss is negligibly small. All other experimental conditions being equal, the smaller the particle, the greater is the weight loss. Reactivity of a char increases with increase in partial pressure of oxygen in the air-nitrogen mixtures. Reactivities of various chars are determined by rank of the parent coals and their mineral matter content. There is a 170-fold difference in the reactivities of various chars. Char reactivities are maximized by keeping the maximum heat treatment temperature as low as possible, the heating rate to maximum temperature as high as possible, and allowing no soak time at maximum temperature. Therefore, reactivity of a char prepared by rapid devolatilization is appreciably higher than that of a char prepared by heat treatment using slow heating rates. The differential scanning calorimetry technique can be used to characterize carbons in terms of their reactivities. Small angle x-radiation scattering shows promise in characterization of internal porosity in coal chars. Siderite and pyrite significantly increase reactivity of Saran carbon to hydrogen. On the other hand, calcite and kaolinite inhibit the hydrogasification reaction. Oil-water-air emulsions have lower thermal efficiency than oil itself; however, the addition of coal to the emulsion increases the efficiency to that of oil. The addition of coal also consistently results in increased heat flux from the flame to the water tubes. (auth)

• Research Organization: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park (USA)
• Sponsoring Organization: US Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
• OSTI ID: 7350218
• Report Number(s): FE-2030-2
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010401* -- Coal & Coal Products-- Carbonization-- (-1987)
010600 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Properties & Composition
014000 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Combustion
ADSORPTION HEAT
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARBONIZATION
CATALYSTS
CHARS
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMISORPTION
COAL
COAL GASIFICATION
COLLOIDS
COMBUSTION
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
DECOMPOSITION
DENSITY
DISPERSIONS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELEMENTS
EMULSIONS
ENERGY SOURCES
ENTHALPY
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GASIFICATION
HEAT TREATMENTS
IONIZING RADIATIONS
KINETICS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
NONMETALS
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
OXIDATION
OXYGEN
PARTICLE SIZE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RADIATIONS
REACTION KINETICS
REFLECTIVITY
SCATTERING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SIZE
SMALL ANGLE SCATTERING
SORPTION
SURFACE PROPERTIES
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
X RADIATION