Mantel--Haenszel analysis of Oxford data. II. Independent effects of fetal irradiation subfactors. [X radiation]

Journal Article · Mon Nov 01 04:00:00 EST 1976 · J. Natl. Cancer Inst.; (United States)

OSTI ID:7328051

Kneale, G W; Stewart, A M

A Mantel-Haenszel analysis of fetal irradiation subfactors indicated that most of the extra x-rayed cases in the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers were radiation induced. First trimester exposures were rare but probably ten times more dangerous than later exposures. Ratios of observed: expected numbers of cancer deaths were lower for children with abnormal x-rays than for other x-rayed children, and lower for recent than remote exposures. The first of these differences was probably due to several antenatal conditions having positive associations with obstetric radiography and several causes of early (noncancer) deaths; the second one was probably due to a progressive lowering of film doses between 1940 and the present time. A rare cause of fetal irradiation (hydramnios), whose associations with congenital defects are well documented, led to the discovery that two faults in the International Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death have contributed to mistaken ideas about the etiology of childhood cancers: Neoplasms were not listed among the official causes of stillbirths, and cystic tumors of the kidneys and lungs of infants were not listed as neoplasms.

• Research Organization: Univ. of Birmingham, Eng.
• OSTI ID: 7328051
• Journal Information: J. Natl. Cancer Inst.; (United States), Journal Name: J. Natl. Cancer Inst.; (United States) Vol. 57:5; ISSN JNCIA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

560151* -- Radiation Effects on Animals-- Man
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY
DATA ANALYSIS
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
DISEASES
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
FETUSES
IONIZING RADIATIONS
MEDICINE
NEOPLASMS
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
RADIOINDUCTION
RADIOLOGY
X RADIATION