Chemical characterization of shale oil and related fuels. [Shale oil, coal-derived fuels, and petroleum]

Conference · Thu Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1976 · Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., Prepr.; (United States)

OSTI ID:7325047

Jones, P W; Jakobsen, R J; Strup, P E; Graffeo, A P

Shale oil is compared where appropriate to coal derived fuels such as ''Synthoil'', together with limited comparison with several natural petroleum products. The major analytical techniques used in this work are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatographic--mass spectrometry (GC-MS); HPLC being used for the preliminary separation and GC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the separated fractions. HPLC detectors used are simultaneous ultraviolet, fluorescence, and refractive index, while preliminary screening of each fraction is carried out by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Shale oil, and the other fuels studied are separated by HPLC into 20 distinct size fractions using high resolution gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Selected GPC cuts are further separated both by adsorption and reversed phase liquid chromatography, and the resulting fractions are then analyzed by FTIR. FTIR screening studies are used to determine the classes of compounds present in the chromatographic fractions in order to facilitate subsequent GC-MS qualitative analysis. GC-MS analyses were carried out using a combination of electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI), in order to provide the benefits of EI spectral matching together with CI molecular weight data and low energy fragmentation. Analyses are carried out for species ranging from nonpolar hydrocarbons, to highly polar polyfunctional and acidic materials, and quantitative analyses are carried out by GC-MS specific ion current integration in all cases.

• Research Organization: Battelle Columbus Labs., OH
• OSTI ID: 7325047
• Conference Information: Journal Name: Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., Prepr.; (United States) Journal Volume: 21:6
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010600 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Properties & Composition
02 PETROLEUM
023000 -- Petroleum-- Properties & Composition
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
040500* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Properties & Composition
ALKANES
ALKENES
AROMATICS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUIDS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
FOSSIL FUELS
FOURIER TRANSFORMATION
FUELS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
HYDROCARBONS
INFORMATION
INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATIONS
IONIZATION
LIQUEFACTION
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MINERAL OILS
OILS
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
REFRACTIVITY
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SHALE OIL
SHALE OIL FRACTIONS
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SYNTHETIC FUELS
SYNTHETIC PETROLEUM
SYNTHOIL PROCESS
TABLES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TRANSFORMATIONS
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA