Comparison of SS-GIC and MHD-EMP-GIC effects on power systems

Journal Article · Sat Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1994 · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/61.277691· OSTI ID:7304275

Meliopoulos, A P.S.; Glytsis, E N ^[1]; Cokkinides, G J ^[2]; Rabinowitz, M ^[3]

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1. Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA (United States)
2. Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)
3. Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States)

A comparative study of the effects of solar storm geomagnetically induced currents (SS-GIC) and nuclear detonation geomagnetically induced currents (magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse GIC or MHD-EMP-GIC) on the power system. The earth surface electric field of the MHD electromagnetic pulse is given to be on the order of 100 V/km, with a duration up to several minutes; and the electric field of the solar storms is on the order of 10 V/km, and lasts from several minutes to one hour. Both phenomena cause flow of almost direct current in the windings of power transformers through the grounding system. For long transmission lines, i.e. 300 miles or longer, this DC current offsets the 60 Hz AC and many saturate transformer cores, with secondary results such as high magnetization currents, increased harmonics, and concomitant effect on power system operation. The level of the transformer core saturation depends on the time constant of the saturation process, and on the duration and magnitude of the direct current through the transformer windings. Thus, although the solar storm effects on the power system are greater due to their much longer duration. This paper presents a technique for the computation of the induced and/or transferred voltages and currents to an electric power system from geomagnetic disturbances. For this purpose, models of transmission lines which explicitly represent grounding, earth potential, and frequency dependent phenomena, and power transformers which explicit representation of nonlinear magnetization characteristics, are utilized. Using this technique, a parametric analysis of saturation time constants is performed and the effects of MHD-EMP and SS-GIC are compared.

• OSTI ID: 7304275
• Journal Information: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States), Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States) Vol. 9:1; ISSN 0885-8977; ISSN ITPDE5
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
240100* -- Power Systems-- (1990-)
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
450200 -- Military Technology
Weaponry
& National Defense-- Nuclear Explosions & Explosives
ATMOSPHERIC EXPLOSIONS
CURRENTS
ELECTRIC CURRENTS
ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ENERGY SYSTEMS
EXPLOSIONS
FLUID MECHANICS
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
HYDRODYNAMICS
INDUCTION
MAGNETIC FIELDS
MAGNETIC STORMS
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
MECHANICS
NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
POWER SYSTEMS
PULSES
RADIATIONS