An AEM-TEM study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon. (1) Weathering reactions in the volcanics

Journal Article · Tue Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 1991 · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90444-A· OSTI ID:7302582

Banfield, J F; Veblen, D R ^[1]; Jones, B F ^[2]

---

1. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
2. Geological Survey, Reston, VA (United States)

Abert Lake in south-central Oregon provides a site suitable for the study of sequential weathering and diagenetic events. In this first of two papers, transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the igneous mineralogy, subsolidus alteration assemblage, and the structural and chemical aspects of silicate weathering reactions that occur in the volcanic rocks that outcrop around the lake. Olivine and pyroxene replacement occurred topotactically, whereas feldspar and glass alteration produced randomly oriented smectite in channels and cavities. The tetrahedral, octahedral, and interlayer compositions of the weathering products, largely dioctahedral smectites, varied with primary mineral composition, rock type, and as the result of addition of elements released from adjacent reaction sites. The variability within and between the smectite assemblages highlights the microenvironmental diversity, fluctuating redox conditions, and variable solution chemistry associated with mineral weathering reactions in the surficial environment. Late-stage exhalative and aqueous alteration of the volcanics redistributed many components and formed a variety of alkali and alkali-earth carbonate, chloride, sulfate, and fluoride minerals in vugs and cracks. Overall, substantial Mg, Si, Na, Ca, and K are released by weathering reactions that include the almost complete destruction of the Mg-smectite that initially replaced olivine. The leaching of these elements from the volcanics provides an important source of these constituents in the lake water. The nature of subsequent diagenetic reactions resulting from the interaction between the materials transported to the lake and the solution will be described in part.

• OSTI ID: 7302582
• Journal Information: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States), Vol. 55:10; ISSN 0016-7037
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
OREGON
VOLCANIC REGIONS
VOLCANIC ROCKS
DIAGENESIS
WEATHERING
CHLORITE MINERALS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DISSOLUTION
FELDSPARS
LAKES
MINERALOGY
OLIVINE
PRECIPITATION
PYROXENES
REDOX REACTIONS
SMECTITE
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
WATER CHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMISTRY
CLAYS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
FEDERAL REGION X
IGNEOUS ROCKS
MICROSCOPY
MINERALS
NORTH AMERICA
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
ROCKS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SILICATE MINERALS
SILICATES
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SURFACE WATERS
USA
580000* - Geosciences