Phytotoxicity of cobalt, vanadium, titanium, silver, and chromium. [Phaseolus vulgaris]

Journal Article · Sat Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1977 · Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627709366769· OSTI ID:7277288

Wallace, A; Alexander, G V; Chaudhry, F M

The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10/sup -5/M) and 142 (with 10/sup -4/M) ..mu..g Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10/sup -4/M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 ..mu..g/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10/sup -4/M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 ..mu..g/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10/sup -4/M AgNO/sub 3/; at 10/sup -5/M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 ..mu..g/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10/sup -5/N Cr/sub 2/O/sub 7/ were decreased in yield by about 25 percent with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr/sub 2/(SO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0.7, and 140 and 104 ..mu..g/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements.

• Research Organization: Univ. of California, Los Angeles
• OSTI ID: 7277288
• Journal Information: Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.; (United States), Journal Name: Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.; (United States) Vol. 8:9; ISSN CSOSA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

510200* -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
553000 -- Agriculture & Food Technology
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
AMINO ACIDS
BIOMASS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CHELATING AGENTS
CHROMIUM
COBALT
CONTAMINATION
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
EDTA
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
LEAVES
LEGUMINOSAE
METALS
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHASEOLUS
PLANT DISEASES
PLANT STEMS
PLANTS
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
ROOTS
SILVER
TITANIUM
TOXICITY
TRACE AMOUNTS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VANADIUM