Chemical properties of Synthoil products and feeds. Final report, Part 1

Technical Report · Wed Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1976

OSTI ID:7211525

Aczel, T; Williams, R B; Pancirov, R J; Karchmer, J H

Nine liquid products from the Synthoil coal liquefaction process and extracts from three feed coals were analyzed for individual compounds, compound types, carbon numbers, and structural groups. Successive benzene and cyclohexane extractions produced oil, asphaltene, and residue fractions, and further clay-gel chromatography of the oil gave saturate, aromatic, and polar fractions that were examined extensively by a combination of other chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Mass spectrometry was used extensively on all fractions, but most of the individual compound identifications were on the aromatic fraction. Normal and iso-paraffins, and cycloparaffins were measured on the saturates (including isoprenoid paraffins and stearanes); aromatics, hydroaromatics, and neutral heterocyclics in the aromatic fractions; and phenolics, pyrrolics, and other heterocyclic aromatics in the polars. Up to 150 individual isomers, more than 300 compound types, and about 2500 separate carbon number homologs were determined in the oil fractions. Infrared measurements show that most of the oxygen is phenolic, but a considerably smaller fraction of the nitrogen is pyrrolic. Significant concentrations of carbonyl-containing groups are present only in the coal extracts. Besides IR and MS (on the volatile portion), other methods used to characterize the asphaltenes included NMR, GPC (for molecular weight distribution), elemental analyses, and UV-visible spectrometry. Asphaltenes are mostly large multi-ring aromatic structures, with heteroaromatic groups similar to those in the lower molecular weight polars. A number of relationships between product composition and processing conditions are evident.

• Research Organization: Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Baytown, Tex. (USA)
• OSTI ID: 7211525
• Report Number(s): MERC-8007-1(Pt.1)
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010405* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400100 -- Analytical & Separations Chemistry
ADSORBENTS
AROMATICS
ASPHALTENES
ASPHALTS
BITUMENS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COAL
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUIDS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
EXTRACTION
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
INFRARED SPECTRA
LIQUEFACTION
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MOLECULAR SIEVES
NONMETALS
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OSMOSIS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
RESONANCE
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SULFUR
SYNTHOIL PROCESS
TAR
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA