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Main line failure resulted from combination of minor causes

Journal Article · · Oil and Gas Journal; (United States)
OSTI ID:7207882

Combined effects of a preexisting weld defect, settlement of adjacent branch piping, and less than critical line pressure caused the rupture and fire Jan. 8, 1992, on the Western Alberta main line. The subsequent metallurgical investigation concluded that the rupture originated at a pre-existing hydrogen crack located at the toe of a hot-tap stub weld on the 36-in. carrier pipe. Brittle fracture propagation in both directions from the tee resulted in a rupture length of approximately 1,225 ft. Crack propagation was consistent with properties of the 1960s vintage 36-in. pipe material which had met American Petroleum Institute (API) requirements at installation. Fracture analysis showed that all three conditions -- weld defect, piping settlement, and line pressure -- were necessary for the failure to occur. The failure pressure was in fact less than the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP). The paper describes the failure.

OSTI ID:
7207882
Journal Information:
Oil and Gas Journal; (United States), Journal Name: Oil and Gas Journal; (United States) Vol. 92:12; ISSN 0030-1388; ISSN OIGJAV
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English