Use of in situ atomic force microscopy to image copper electrodeposits on platinum
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Lab.
In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe growth morphology during copper electrodeposition on Pt(100) and Pt(111) surfaces from 0.25 M CuSO[sub 4]/0.5M H[sub 2]SO[sub 4] containing 0, 10, and 100 [mu]M benzotriazole (BTA). The Pt(100) crystal was misoriented [approximately]2 [degree] to give terraces that were approximately 1 [mu]m in length and 25 to 50 [angstrom] high. Deposit morphology was monitored primarily during growth at current densities between 1 and 15 mA/cm[sup 2] under stagnant conditions. In the absence of BTA, copper selectively deposited on the larger step sites rather than on the smaller steps or terrace regions. From solutions containing 10[mu]M BTA, copper deposited in clumps along the steps. From solutions containing 100 [mu]m BTA, deposition occurred without regard to substrate features. On Pt(111), three-dimensional nucleations of copper was monitored at the nanoscale level during cathodic deposition from 0.25M CuSO[sub 4]/0.5M H[sub 2]SO[sub 4]. At over potentials <70 mV, no nuclei were observed. At 120 and 170 mV overpotential, individual 3-D clusters were observed, and additional clusters nucleated over time. At higher over potentials ([>=]200 mV), uniform nucleation and overlap were observed. The current transients and AFM images recorded during the deposition experiments were compared with theory for 3-D, solution-diffusion-controlled, multiple nucleation with overlap. At high over potentials, the current transients were consistent with theory, and AFM images indicated that nucleation was three-dimensional with overlap. At low over potentials, the current transients were not consistent with theory, and AFM images confirmed that nuclei did not overlap.
- DOE Contract Number:
- FG02-91ER45439
- OSTI ID:
- 7199229
- Journal Information:
- Journal of the Electrochemical Society; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society; (United States) Vol. 141:5; ISSN JESOAN; ISSN 0013-4651
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
360101* -- Metals & Alloys-- Preparation & Fabrication
360102 -- Metals & Alloys-- Structure & Phase Studies
AZOLES
COATINGS
COPPER
COPPER COMPOUNDS
COPPER SULFATES
DEPOSITION
ELECTRODEPOSITED COATINGS
ELECTRODEPOSITION
ELECTROLYSIS
ELEMENTS
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
LYSIS
MEASURING METHODS
METALS
MONITORING
MORPHOLOGY
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PLATINUM
PLATINUM METALS
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFURIC ACID
SURFACE COATING
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS