Sublethal effects of phenanthrene, nicotine, and pinane on Daphnia pulex
- Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, MI (USA)
Nearly 500 compounds were detected in the tissues of Great Lakes fish as compared to 8 in tissues of hatchery-reared fish. Lethal concentrations for many representative compounds were determined by testing their acute toxicity (48-hr EC50) to Daphnia pulex. However, the population growth and survival of aquatic organisms over longer time intervals are usually affected at concentrations much lower than the EC50 for a specific chemical. To develop a general relationship between acute and chronic concentrations for representative compounds detected in Great Lakes fish, the authors initiated full-life-cycle testing on D. pulex with phenanthrene, nicotine, and pinane. Growth and fecundity of daphnids was measured in 16-d tests in the laboratory. Phenanthrene and nicotine were highly toxic and pinane was moderately toxic to D. pulex in acute studies. For phenanthrene, a compound of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that has been associated with incomplete combustion of organic matter. For nicotine, a compound in the heterocyclic nitrogen class of chemicals that has been used as an insecticide, the EC50 was 0.24 mg/L. Cyclic alkanes, many of which are constituents of crude oil were represented by pinane for which the EC50 was 3.35 mg/L.
- OSTI ID:
- 7167223
- Journal Information:
- Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology; (USA), Journal Name: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology; (USA) Vol. 42:5; ISSN 0007-4861; ISSN BECTA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALKALOIDS
ALKANES
AMINES
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
AROMATICS
ARTHROPODS
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS
AZINES
AZOLES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BRANCHIOPODS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHLORINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
CRUSTACEANS
DAPHNIA
DOSES
DRUGS
EXPOSURE CHAMBERS
HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
HEPTANE
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
INVERTEBRATES
LETHAL DOSES
NICOTINE
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PARASYMPATHOLYTICS
PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS
PHENANTHRENE
POPULATION DYNAMICS
PYRIDINES
PYRROLES
PYRROLIDINES
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS