Integrated use of instrumentation and PBPK models to establish occupational exposure

Journal Article · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1993 · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health; (United States)

OSTI ID:7159034

Jarvis, M F; Thrall, K D; Hui, T E; Johnson, J R; Leonowich, J A; Jarvis, T T; Mohatt, J V ^[1]

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1. Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)

The ultimate goal of this research is to develop new instrumentation for breath analysis in the field/workplace. This instrumentation, based on physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, will evaluate, in real time, a worker's integrated exposure to organic chemicals and selected radionuclides. The data obtained can be used as an industrial hygiene and management tool to control worker exposures on a daily basis. One goal in PBPK modeling is to calculate concentrations of toxicants/metabolites within target issues as well as of those that are excreted (via exhalation, urine, feces, and/or transpiration from the skin). A corollary goal is to quantify occupational exposure based on measurements of contaminants in the environment/workplace and on bioassay data. This information is used to predict adverse health outcomes, susceptibility to disease, and potential cancer risk from exposure. Traditionally, occupational exposure to potentially hazardous compounds has been estimated by air monitoring, which approximates only inhalation exposure. This method neglects uptake from dermal exposure, exposure in nonoccupational settings, and unexpected exposure resulting from an unusual job or nonoccupational working practices. Unlike the collection of bioassay data, however, PBPK modeling allows for noninvasive [open quotes]monitoring[close quotes] of biomarkers. Currently, PBPK models are being tested for use with several chemicals, including carbon tetrachloride, radon, and trichloroethylene.

• OSTI ID: 7159034
• Journal Information: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health; (United States) Vol. 40:2-3; ISSN 0098-4108; ISSN JTEHD6
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

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560151 -- Radiation Effects on Animals-- Man
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
BREATH
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
DOSE RATES
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE PATHWAY
FLUIDS
GASES
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
MATERIALS
NONMETALS
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
RADON
RARE GASES
TOXIC MATERIALS
WORKING CONDITIONS