EPA, ASTM, and column leaching of processed oil shale: a comparative study
Four laboratory leaching methods (the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) extraction procedure, ASTM method D3987, and two column tests) were used to extract leachates from four low-void retorted oil shales to (1) compare the leaching procedures based on the chemical characterization of leachates derived from each leaching method and (2) establish the toxicity of each leachate relative to published EPA water quality criteria. The EPA extraction procedure extracted the greatest concentration of trace elements of the methods tested. None of the concentrations of the seven metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, and silver) selected from those listed in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) exceeded the RCRA limits defining a hazardous waste. On that basis, the low-void retorted oil shales would not be classified as hazardous. 32 refs., 15 figs., 11 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Western Research Inst., Laramie, WY (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- FC21-83FE60177
- OSTI ID:
- 7147775
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/FE/60177-2212; WRI-86-037M; ON: DE87001473
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
040500 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Properties & Composition
040900* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Waste management
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BORON
CADMIUM
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
DATA
DISPERSIONS
DISSOLUTION
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELEMENTS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
EXTRACTION
FLUORIDES
FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
IRON
LEACHATES
LEACHING
LEAD
LITHIUM
MANGANESE
METALS
MIXTURES
MOLYBDENUM
NICKEL
NUMERICAL DATA
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PH VALUE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SELENIUM
SEMIMETALS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SILVER
SOLUTIONS
SPENT SHALES
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VANADIUM
ZINC